植物篱措施对紫色土坡耕地产流产沙及微地形的影响  

Effects of Hedgerows on Runoff and Sediment Yield and Microtopography on Purple Soil Sloping Farmland

作　　者：马星[1] 王文武[1] 郑江坤[1] 秦伟[2,3] 单志杰[2,3] 陈鑫 向明辉 MA Xing;WANG Wenwu;ZHENG Jiangkun;QIN Wei;SHAN Zhijie;CHEN Xin;XIANG Minghui(Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation ~ Deserti fication Combating of Colleges and Universities, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute o.f Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048;Research Center on Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resource, Beijing 100048;Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station in Suining , Suining, Sichuan 629006)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,水土保持与荒漠化防治四川省高校重点实验室,成都611130 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 [3]水利部水土保持生态工程技术研究中心,北京100048 [4]遂宁水土保持试验站,四川遂宁629006

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2017年第6期85-89,188,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501045);国家自然科学基金项目(41601028);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2012M511938);四川省高校建设项目“水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室”

摘　　要：基于遂宁水土保持试验站坡耕地2012—2016年次降雨和径流输沙数据,定量分析了自然降雨下植物篱对坡耕地产流产沙及微地形的影响。结果表明:植物篱小区总径流深是对照小区的80%~84%,总冲刷量是对照小区的34%~44%,植物篱减沙作用优于减流。对照小区(Ⅱ小区和Ⅴ小区)径流深、冲刷量与平均雨强、降雨量均极显著相关(P<0.01);植物篱小区(Ⅰ小区、Ⅲ小区和Ⅳ小区)径流深、冲刷量与平均雨强、降雨量均呈正相关,其中径流深与降雨量极显著相关。各雨型间产流产沙差异不显著,其中植物篱对A型雨(大雨强、短历时)减流减沙效果优于B型雨(中雨强、中历时)和C型雨(小雨强、长历时)。定植植物篱后,篱带前出现泥沙淤积带,15°香根草(Ⅰ小区)、10°香根草(Ⅲ小区)和10°新银合欢(Ⅳ小区)平均坡度分别演变为11.97°,7.73°和7.89°,香根草植物篱的效果较明显,植物篱使得坡耕地梯田化发展。Based on the data of individual rainfall,runoff and sediment yield of hedgerows sloping farmland from 2012 to 2016 in Suining Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station,the effect of hedgerows on runoff and sediment yield and microtopography of sloping farmland was analyzed.The results showed that the total runoff depths of the hedgerows were 80% to 84% of the control plots.Meanwhile,the total sediment yields of the hedgerows were 34% to 44% of the control plots.Hedgerow＇s effects on sediment yield were better than that on runoff.The runoff depths and sediment yield of the control plots（plotⅡ and plotⅤ）were significantly correlated with the average rainfall intensity and rainfall（P〈0.01）.In the hedgerows plots（plotⅠ,plotⅢand plotⅣ）,the runoff depths and sediment yield were positively correlated with the average rainfall intensity and rainfall.Especially,there were highly significant correlations between runoff depths and rainfall.For three rainfall patterns,there were no significant differences in the runoff depths and sediment yield among different plots.The hedgerows effect on runoff and sediment reduction of rainfall A（short duration,heavy rainfall）was better than that of rainfall B（moderate duration,moderate rainfall）and rainfall C（long duration,light rainfall）.After planting the hedgerows,there was sediment accumulation zone near hedgerow lines.The average slope of plotⅠ,plotⅢ and plotⅣ turned to 11.97°,7.73°,and7.89°from 15°,10°,and 10°,respectively.Finally,hedgerows made sloping farmland benching.

关 键 词：植物篱 雨型 坡度 径流深 冲刷量 微地形 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]