晒田强度和穗期氮素运筹对不同氮效率水稻根系、叶片生长及产量的影响  

Effect of Paddy Field Drainage and Panicle Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Rice Root System,Leaf Growth and Yield with Different Nitrogen Efficiency

作　　者：朱从桦[1,2] 孙永健[1] 杨志远[1] 贾现文 徐徽[1] 马均[1] ZHU Conghua;SUN Yongjian;YANG Zhiyuan;JIA Xianwen;XU Hui;MA Jun(Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130;Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066;Meishan Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Meishan , Sichuan 620010)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川温江611130 [2]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都610066 [3]眉山市农业技术推广站,四川眉山620010

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2017年第6期196-203,256,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31101117);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B05;2012BAD04B13);四川省教育厅资助科研项目(10ZA047);四川省育种攻关专项(2006yzgg-28)

摘　　要：为研究晒田强度和穗期氮素运筹对不同氮效率水稻生育中后期根系、叶片生长与产量形成的关系,以德香4103(氮高效品种)和宜香3724(氮低效品种)为材料,设置3种晒田强度:W_1,0—20cm土壤体积含水量为(53.60±5.00)%;W_2,0—20cm土壤体积含水量为(40.20±5.00)%;W_3,0—20cm土壤体积含水量为(26.80±5.00)%和3种穗期氮素运筹:N_1,晒田复水后第1天施用穗肥;N_2,晒田复水后第8天施用穗肥;N_3,晒田复水后第15天施用穗肥。测定水稻抽穗期和齐穗后15天的根系形态特征、根系干重、叶面积指数、剑叶光合速率、叶片干重、产量及产量构成。结果表明:(1)德香4103稻谷产量比宜香3724平均高11.57%。(2)两类品种的产量均与抽穗期LAI和叶片干重呈显著正相关,其中德香4103产量与抽穗期和齐穗后15天单株根重和根冠比呈显著正相关,宜香3724产量与抽穗期和齐穗后15天的单株根重呈显著正相关。(3)德香4103氮肥生理利用率与抽穗期单株根重和叶面积指数、齐穗后15天单株根长呈显著正相关,宜香3724氮肥生理利用率与齐穗后15天单株根重呈显著正相关。(4)W_1和W_2处理中,施氮处理N_2和N_3氮高效品种和氮低效品种抽穗期总根长和根表面积无显著差异,氮高效品种齐穗后15天的总根长小于氮低效品种;W_3处理中,N_1和N_2中抽穗期氮低效品种单株总根长和单株根表面积大于氮高效品种,氮高效品种和氮低效品种齐穗后15天根重和根冠比无显著差异。(5)氮低效品种成熟期的叶片干重和LAI均高于氮高效品种,抽穗期至成熟期氮高效品种的叶面积衰减率大于氮低效品种。(6)氮高效品种德香4103采用W_1N_3处理,能增加抽穗至成熟期总根长,降低叶面积衰减速率,提高抽穗后叶片光合速率,提高稻谷产量;而氮低效品种宜香3724以W_2N_2为最佳处理。综上所述,晒田程度和穗期氮素运筹能够显著影响不同氮效率水稻品种生育�In order to explore the relationship between the root and leaf growth and yield formation of different nitrogen efficiency rice under different combinations of field drainages and panicle nitrogen fertilizer managements,three field drainage degrees（W1,W2,W3）were set,in which the soil moisture content of 0—20 cm were（53.60±5.00）%,（40.20±5.00）% and（26.80±5.00）%,respectively,meanwhile three panicle nitrogen fertilizer managements（N1,N2 and N3）were conducted,which mean that applying panicle fertilizer in the first day,the eighth day and the 15 th day after the field were rehydrated,respectively.The effects of field drainage and panicle nitrogen fertilizer managements on root morphological characteristics,root dry weight,leaf area index,photosynthetic rate of flag leaves,leaf dry weight,yield and its components of rice were investigated with Dexiang4103（nitrogen efficient variety）and Yixiang3724（nitrogen inefficient variety）.The results showed that：（1）The mean yield of Dexiang4103 was 11.57% higher than that of Yixiang3724;（2）The yield of these two varieties had significant positive correlation with the dry weight and LAI of leaf at heading stage,and the yield of Dexiang4103 had significant positive correlation with root dry weight,root-shoot ratio at heading stage and the 15 days after full heading,and the yield of Yixiang3724 only had significant positive correlation with root dry weight per plant at the same stages;（3）Nitrogen physiological efficiency of Dexiang4103 was significantly positively correlated with root dry weight and leaf area index at heading stage,and root length per plant on the 15 days after full heading,the same parameter of Yixiang3724 had significant positive correlation with root dry weight per plant on the 15 days after full heading with nitrogen application;（4）In the treatment of W1 and W2,there was no significant difference in total root length and root surface area per plant between nitrogen efficient variety and nitrogen inefficient variet

关 键 词：晒田强度 氮素运筹 根系 叶片 产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]