出土医籍文献量词研究  

A Study of Quantifiers in Unearthed Medical Literature

作　　者：程文文[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学文学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《长江师范学院学报》2018年第1期117-123,共7页Journal of Yangtze Normal University

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目"先秦两汉出土医书词汇语义系统研究"(2016BS071);重庆师范大学博士科研启动项目"出土医书语法研究"(16XWB010)

摘　　要：近几十年出土了大量的简帛医籍文献,其较强的口语性能真实反映汉语早期语言的面貌。出土医书主要有:马王堆医书,包括15种古医书,江陵张家山医简,武威汉代医简,阜阳本草简。这些出土医籍文献中有44个名量词,没有动量词。名量词包括自然单位量词、借用单位量词、制度单位量词,具有系统性。量词"把""枚""尺""寸""两"沿用至今;集体单位量词"岁""年""夜""日""月""息""旬",主要表示针灸治疗时间、吃药宜忌时间和药物存放时间,体现了古人对于针灸时间、灸治宜忌和药物起效时间的重视;量词数量庞大体现了古人对药物的用量有严格的要求,中医界自古具有"传方不传量"的隐形规则,这正说明了药量在中医学上的重要性。Words of colloquial style used in a large number of medical documents on bamboo slips and silk cloth unearthed in recent decades authentically reflect the linguistic visage of the early Chinese language.Among these documents,forty-four quantifiers are found for nouns but none for verbs.The former systematic quantifiers can be classified as general articles,particular articles and measurable articles,and some are still in use today,like"把""枚""尺""寸""两".Quantifiers for collective nouns,including"岁""年""夜""日""月""息""旬",are used as a reminder of the time for acupuncturing,taking medicine or medicine storage,showing that the ancients attached great importance to the duration,indication and contraindication of acupuncture,and the effective time of medicine.The massive use of quantifiers reflects the strict requirement by ancient people on medicine dosage,and another indicator for this can be found in the invisible rule that a prescription can only be passed without dosage on it.The researches of quantifiers used in these unearthed literature can be beneficial to both the study of Chinese language and the development of medicine.

关 键 词：出土医籍文献 自然单位量词 借用单位量词 制度单位量词 

分 类 号：H042[语言文字—语言学]