施用沼渣对设施黄瓜及土壤重金属含量的影响  

Effects of Application of Biogas Residue on Greenhouse Cucumber and Heavy Metal Contents in Soil

作　　者：杨军芳[1] 史建硕 黄少辉[1] 邢素丽[1] 冯伟[1] 李孝兰[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051 [2]河北省黄骅市农业局土肥站,河北黄骅061100

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2017年第4期82-86,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省科技计划项目(15227511D);河北省科技计划项目(14397502D)

摘　　要：选择规模化养殖场猪粪发酵的沼渣,以不施肥、单施化肥以及施用化肥的基础上增施传统用量(22 500 kg/hm^2)猪粪做底肥处理为对照,研究了施用化肥的基础上底施不同用量(11 250、22 500和45 000 kg/hm^2)的沼渣对设施黄瓜产量和土壤重金属(镉、铬、铜、锌和砷)含量的影响。结果表明:与不施肥和单施化肥相比,在施用化肥的基础上增施沼渣能够显著提高黄瓜产量以及果实的全铜和全锌含量,增加土壤全铬、全铜和全锌的含量水平,且指标值均随沼渣用量的增加而增大;但与传统的底施猪粪处理相比,沼渣施用量为1/2猪粪用量时黄瓜和土壤中的所有重金属含量指标差异均不显著,但黄瓜产量明显降低。本研究条件下,施用沼渣处理的当季黄瓜镉、铬、铜、锌和砷含量均未达到重金属污染水平。与基础土壤相比,沼渣用量为22 500 kg/hm^2时,当季土壤全铬、全铜和全锌的含量分别增加了3.2、3.8和8.0 mg/kg,长期大量施用沼渣存在重金属积累导致土壤污染的风险。在有机肥用量为22 500 kg/hm^2时,沼渣处理的黄瓜产量显著低于猪粪处理,黄瓜和土壤中的重金属含量均高于猪粪处理,由此可见,与猪粪相比,沼渣作为有机肥的肥效低且污染风险性高。Using the biogas residue fermented from the large-scale pig farms as material,taking no fertilizer,chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer＋22 500 kg/hm^2 pig manure as treatments,the effects of basal application of different amount of biogas residue（11 250,22 500 and 45 000 kg/hm）2 on the base of chemical fertilizer application on the yield and soil heavy metal content of greenhouse cucumber were studied. The results showed that compared with no fertilizer and chemical fertilizer,chemical fertilizer ＋biogas residue could significantly increase the yield and copper and zinc contents of cucumber fruit. It also could increase the soil total chromium,copper and zinc contents,which increased with the increasing of biogas residue. But compared with the traditional pig manure treatment,when the application amount of biogas was 1/2 of the application amount of pig manure,all heavy metal contents in cucumber and soil had not significant difference,while the yield of cucumber decreased obviously. In this study,the cadmium,chromium,copper,zinc and arsenic contents in season cucumber did not reach the level of heavy metal pollution with the application of biogas residue. Comparedwith foundation soil, using 2 2 500 kg/hm^2 biogas residue, the total chromium, copper and zinc contents in season soil iacreased by 3.2,3.8 and 8.0 mg/kg,respectively. It showed th at large amount of biogas residue for long time existed a risk of soil contamination from accumulation of heavy metals. When the amount of organic fertilizer was 22500 kg/hm^2,the yield of cucumber with biogas residue treatment was signif-icantly lower than that of pig manure treatment,and the heavy metal contents in cucumber and soil were higher than that of pig manure treatment. Thus,compared with pig manure,biogas residue as organic fertilizer had lower fertilizer efficiency and higher pollution risk.

关 键 词：沼渣 黄瓜 土壤 重金属污染 

分 类 号：S963.9[农业科学—水产养殖] S642.2[农业科学—水产科学]