静止式气波制冷机注气模式的缺陷与改进  

Injecting pattern defects and improvements of static gas wave refrigerator

作　　者：邹久朋[1] 刘学武[1] 徐伟华[1] 李俊龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学化工机械与安全学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《化工进展》2018年第2期429-436,共8页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51276026;21776029)

摘　　要：通过研究发现和证实了依靠气流摆动振荡分配注气的静止式气波制冷机效率不高的主要原因之一,是每根气波管接受注气的时长和周期各不相等,导致两边管的膨胀比减小,中区管负荷过小和偏中各管的注气快慢交替,而使每根气波管都不能发挥效能。本文以CFD数值模拟位于不同区气波管的制冷效率,与理想的注气模式效率对比,揭示了制冷效率受制低下的程度与增幅潜力。模拟显示,以理想1/4占空比脉冲流时均注气,比实际双管1/2占空比注气,能相对增效约45%,1/8占空比注气能相对增效近70%。又以单管模型机实验对比不同占空比注气模式下同一根气波管的制冷效率,表明随着注气占空比的减小,制冷效率的增幅趋势、效率峰值、谷点对应的注气频率都与模拟结果一致。为使静止式气波制冷机的每根气波管都能高效制冷,提出了两种对4根管都能分配1/4相等占空比和等周期注气的新型高效附壁振荡器,并简介了它们的作用机理以及对其中的双级振荡器性能的研究结果。In this study,it was found and confirmed one important reason for the low efficiency of static gas wave refrigerator by swing oscillation distributing gas injection. Because the periods and injection durations in every gas wave tubes are all not equal,the expansion ratio of the tubes located in both sides are decreased,very small load of the tubes located in intermediate region,and gas injection alternating fast and slow of each tubes deviated from the middle. These result in every gas wave tubes are not effective adequately. Refrigeration efficiency of each gas wave tubes located in different regions were calculated by computational fluid dynamics,and were compared with efficiency of the ideal injection pattern,so the restriction degree and growth potential of efficiency were exposed. Simulation showed that ideal 1/4 duty ratio pulse injection may improve relative value of efficiency about 45%,and that of 1/8 close to 70% comparing with that of the actual 1/2 duty ratio pattern. By the single tube model machine experiments,the refrigeration efficiency of same tube corresponding to different duty ratio gas injection modes were measured and compared. The results showed that the growth trend along with the decrease of the gas injection duty radio,and injection frequency corresponding to efficiency peak valley point,were consistent with the simulation results. For every gas wave tubes of the static gas wave refrigerator to efficient refrigeration,two kinds of novel and efficient wall oscillators that may distribute gas injection for four tubes with equal 1/4 duty ratio and equal cycle were recommended. Mechanisms and performances of the new type two-stage wall oscillator were also introduced succinctly.

关 键 词：气波制冷 静止式 制冷效率 附壁振荡 双级振荡器 

分 类 号：TB651[一般工业技术—制冷工程]