添加保水剂、生物炭和草木灰对发酵床秸秆垫料栽培基质养分淋溶的影响  

Influence of Adding Super Absorbent Polymers,Biochar and Plant Ash on Nutrient Leaching of Straw-padding Culture Substrate for Fermentation Bed

作　　者：刘丽珠[1] 卢信[1] 范如芹[1] 罗佳[1] 张振华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2018年第2期54-58,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目(CX(15)1003)

摘　　要：通过室内模拟基质柱淋溶实验,对添加3种不同材料的发酵床秸秆垫料栽培基质淋溶液的pH值、电导率、总氮、硝态氮、总磷、铁含量等指标进行了比较。结果表明:保水剂对基质发挥保水储水作用在淋溶中后期,生物炭则在淋溶前期,而草木灰加速了基质柱水分的淋失;保水剂不能协助生物炭减少基质淋失水分,但能协助草木灰减缓水分淋失;添加保水剂、生物炭及草木灰均使基质淋溶液的pH值有不同程度的升高;添加保水剂和生物炭能降低基质总氮和硝态氮淋失;保水剂会加速基质总磷的淋失,而草木灰能显著减缓基质总磷的淋失;添加3种材料都能不同程度地降低第1次淋溶液中铁、铜和锌的含量;草木灰吸附金属离子的能力高于生物炭的。Through the indoor simulation test for leaching of culture substrate column,we compared the pH-value,specific conductance,total nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen content,total phosphorus content,iron content and other indexes of leaching solution of straw-padding culture substrate for fermentation bed which was added by Super Absorbent Polymers（SAP）,biochar or plant ash. The results indicated that SAP could hold the water in the culture substrate at middle and latter stage of leaching,and biochar could do this at earlier stage of leaching,while plant ash accelerated the water leaching loss of substrate column. SAP could not assist biochar to reduce the water leaching loss of culture substrate,but it could assist plant ash to do this. Adding SAP,biochar and plant ash all increased the pH-value of leaching solution of culture substrate to a certain extent. Adding SAP and biochar could reduce the leaching loss of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in culture substrate. SAP could speed up the leaching loss of total phosphorus in culture substrate,while plant ash could significantly slow down this. Adding the above 3 kinds of material all could inordinately decrease the content of iron,copper and zinc in the first-time leaching solution of culture substrate. Plant ash had a higher ability to adsorb the metal ions in culture substrate than biochar.

关 键 词：保水剂 生物炭 草木灰 基质 养分 淋溶 

分 类 号：S317[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]