全国鸟类多样性观测网络(China BON-Birds)建设进展  

Progress in Construction of China Bird Diversity Observation Network(China BON-Birds)

作　　者：徐海根[1] 崔鹏[1] 朱筱佳 雍凡[1] 伊剑锋 张文文 李佳琦[1] 童文君 江波 蔡蕾[2] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所/国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室,江苏南京210042 [2]环境保护部自然生态保护司,北京100035

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2018年第1期1-11,共11页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC050380604;2017YFC0503802);环境保护部生物多样性保护专项;环保公益性行业科研专项(201409061)

摘　　要：鸟类分布于多种生境,对环境变化敏感,是开展生物多样性观测的重要指示生物类群。为实施《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011—2030年)》和履行《生物多样性公约》,自2011年起,以环境保护部南京环境科学研究所为牵头单位,联合全国相关科研院所、高等院校、保护机构,开始探索建立全国鸟类观测网络。经过6 a多的努力,目前已建立涉及全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的338个鸟类观测样区,包括样线1 822条、样点1 343个,其中繁殖期鸟类样点253个、越冬鸟类样点1 090个,基本建成了全国鸟类多样性观测网络。截至2016年,该观测网络共记录到鸟类22目86科943种,占中国现有记录鸟类种数的68.8%。通过观测,初步掌握了全国鸟类多样性的空间分布特征;发现部分滨海越冬水鸟栖息地因围垦开发而遭受破坏,面临着严峻威胁;一些珍稀濒危物种或拥有高种群数量(≥某物种种群数量的1%)的栖息地没有被纳入到保护范围,存在保护空缺。建议加强鸟类繁殖地、停歇地和越冬地的系统性保护。Widely distributed in various habitats and highly sensitive to changes in environment,birds are critical indicators of biodiversity for observation. To implement the "China Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030) "and "Convention on Biological Diversity",the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC,has been exploring and trying to establish a national wide bird observation network since 2011.After more than six years of efforts,the China Biodiversity Observation Network-Birds(China BON-Birds) has basicallybeen established,covering 338 sample zones located in 31 provinces(autonomous regions or municipalities),including1 822 line transects and 1 343 point transects,of which 253 points for breeding birds,and 1 090 points for wintering birds. By the end of 2016,a total of 943 species of birds belonging to 86 families and 22 orders were recorded by the China BON-Birds,accounting for 68. 8% of the bird species recorded in China. Through the operation of the China BON-Birds,a primary knowledge about characteristics of the spatial distribution of the bird diversity all over China was achieved. It was found that random exploitation and utilization of coastal wetlands damaged habitats for some wintering birds,leaving them exposed to severe threat; and some of the habitats for rare and endangered species or species high in population(≥1% of the total population of the species) were not included into the checklist for protection. So gaps in protection of bird species diversity do exsit. It is,therefore,suggested that the systematic protection of breeding,staging and wintering habitats for birds be intensified.

关 键 词：生物多样性 观测网络 鸟类 保护空缺 繁殖地 越冬地 滨海湿地 

分 类 号：Q-9[生物学] X3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]