全国蝴蝶多样性观测网络(China BON-Butterflies)建设进展  

Progress in Construction of China Butterfly Diversity Observation Network(China BON-Butterflies)

作　　者：马方舟[1] 徐海根[1] 陈萌萌[1] 童文君 王晨彬 蔡蕾[2] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所/国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室,江苏南京210042 [2]环境保护部自然生态保护司,北京100035

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2018年第1期27-36,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1201200);环境保护部生物多样性保护专项;环保公益性行业科研专项(201409061)

摘　　要：生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础之一,开展生物多样性观测是生物多样性研究和保护的前提与基础。为贯彻落实国务院审议通过的《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011—2030年)》,2016年环境保护部启动了蝴蝶多样性观测工作,以蝴蝶为指示生物类群,建立了首个国家级的蝴蝶多样性观测网络。目前,全国蝴蝶观测网络在31个省(自治区、直辖市)建设完成了117个标准化观测样区、629条标准化观测样线,样线累计长度达1 200 km,年度观测数据超过20万条。通过观测,初步掌握了我国蝴蝶多样性空间分布特征,物种丰度和多度较高的观测样区均集中分布于秦岭—淮河一线以南地区,其中海南岛、秦岭南麓、横断山区多样性较高。建立了全国蝴蝶观测数据库,并编制了年度观测报告。全国蝴蝶多样性观测网络的长期有效运行,将有助于掌握全国蝴蝶多样性的时空分布和动态变化规律,识别威胁因素,为环境管理提出有针对性的保护对策建议。As biodiversity is one of the material bases of human survival and development,biodiversity monitoring is the prerequisite and foundation of researches on conservation of biodiversity. In order to implement the " China Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030) " of the State Council of PRC,the Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC initiated a butterfly diversity observation program and the establishment of a national-level butterfly diversity observation network(China BON-Butterflies) in 2016. So far,the China BON-Butterflies has 117 standardized sample regions and 629 standardized line transects totaling 1 200 km,set up in 31 provinces,autonomous regions or municipalities of China. More than 200 000 entries of observation data were recorded in that year. Through the observation,a preliminary knowledge about characteristics of the spatial distribution of butterfly diversity in China was achieved. Sample regions relatively high in species richness and abundance are distributed mostly south to the belt of the Qinling Mountain-Huaihe River,like Hainan Island,the southern piedmont of the Qinling Mountains,and Hengduan Mountains. Besides,a national butterfly observation database was established and an annual observation report compiled. Long-term effective operation of the China BON-butterflies will sure update the knowledge about spatial distribution and dynamic variation of the butterfly diversity in the country and help identify menacing factors. In the end,some suggestions are put forth for decision-making oriented towards environment management and butterfly diversity conservation.

关 键 词：生物多样性 观测网络 蝴蝶 威胁因素 保护成效评估 中国 

分 类 号：Q-9[生物学] X3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]