精河绿洲盐渍土表层土壤盐分因子的空间变异及分布格局  

Analysis of Distribution Patterns and Spatial Variability of Soil Salinity Affecting Factors in Topsoil Layer of Salinized Soil in Jinghe Oasis

作　　者：张飞[1,2] 李怡博 王东芳[1,2] 王小平[1,2] 张海威[1,2] 陈丽华 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院智慧城市与环境建模普通高校重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [3]博州水利水电勘测设计院,新疆博乐833400 [4]新疆艾比湖湿地国家级自然保护区管理局,新疆博乐833400

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2018年第1期64-73,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(新疆联合本地优秀青年人才培养专项)(U1503302);国家自然科学基金(41361045);自治区重点实验室专项资金(2014KL005)

摘　　要：土壤含盐量、电导率和pH值是调查评价土壤盐渍化程度的主要因子,对其进行定量探讨及空间异质性研究是解决土壤盐渍化快速诊断问题的前提。以新疆精河绿洲为研究区,利用"3S"技术并结合Google Earth进行实地调查,结果表明:(1)精河绿洲表层土壤0~10 cm层含盐量和电导率呈强变异强度,变异系数分别为1.053和1.146;>10~20 cm层的土壤电导率变异系数为2.385,也呈强变异。绿洲表层土壤0~10 cm以及>10~20 cm层pH值的变异系数均小于10%,属于弱空间变异;(2)通过空间插值方法发现,0~10和>10~20 cm层的土壤电导率和含盐量高值区主要集中在艾比湖东南部和西北部,由于受到各种自然与人文因素的影响,土壤电导率和含盐量较高,盐渍化程度较高;而在艾比湖西侧以及以耕地为主的绿洲内部植被覆盖度较高,盐渍化程度较低。2层土壤的pH值的分布并无明显的变化规律,呈现出高低值交错分布的状态;(3)含盐量的空间自相关指数从0~10 cm层的0.306增加到>10~20 cm层的0.527。研究区土壤含盐量自西南向东部逐渐增加,0~10 cm层以及>10~20cm层盐分含量呈相同的空间变化趋势且含盐量在空间上具有较强的依赖关系。该研究对于及时掌握盐渍化程度与分布、合理制定土地利用政策与生态改良措施、实现区域可持续发展等方面具有重要作用。Salt content,electrical conductivity(EC) and pH of soil are the major factors in assessing salinization degree of the soil,so the study to quantify their spatial heterogeneities is the precursor of solving the problem of rapid diagnosis of soil salinization. The authors chose the Jinghe Oasis as their study area,and used the"3 S"technology combined with the Google Earth in field survey. Results show:(1) salt content and electrical conductivity in topsoil(0-10 cm) varied vigorously with variation coefficient being 1. 053 and 1. 146,respectively; soil electrical conductivity in the >10-20 cm soil layer reached 2. 385,indicating strong variability,too. However,pH was less than 10% in variation coefficient in both the0-10 cm and >10-20 cm soil layers,indicating mild spatial variability;(2) the performance of the spatial interpolation method indicates that soils high in electrical conductivity and salt content in the 0-10 cm and >10-20 cm soil layers were concentrated mainly in the parts southeast and northwest to Lake Ebinur,where the soils were quite high in soil electrical conductivity,and salt content and in soil salinization degree too,as affected by natural and human factors; while the soilslow in salinization degree were in the part west to Lake Ebinur,and the farmland-dominated center of the oasis,thanks to the high vegetation coverage. The distributions of pH values in the two soil layers did not exhibit any specific rule of variation,but an interlacement of high and low pH values;(3) spatial autocorrelation index of soil salt content increased from0. 306 in the 0-10 cm soil layer to 0. 527 in the >10-20 cm soil layer; and soil salt content in the study area displayed a trend of increasing gradually from southwest to east,regardless of soil layer,and spatially soil salt contents were strongly mutually-dependent. All the findings of the study demonstrate that the study is of great significance to timely following changes in salinization degree and soil salt content distribution,formulating reasonable land use

关 键 词：盐渍土 空间变异 分布格局 精河绿洲 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]