壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性效应  

Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates to Daphnia magna

作　　者：蔡小宇 姜锦林[2] 单正军[2] 卜元卿[2] 续卫利[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏南京210044 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所国家环境保护农药环境评价与污染控制重点实验室,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2018年第1期81-86,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201309026)

摘　　要：通过急性毒性实验和21 d慢性毒性实验,研究壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP40EO)对大型溞(Daphnia magna)的致死性和生长繁殖指标的影响,建立毒物剂量-反应关系,并寻找其中的敏感生物学指标。急性毒性试验结果表明:NP40EO对大型溞的48 h半抑制浓度(EC50)为14.23 mg·L-1。慢性毒性试验结果表明,NP40EO对大型溞的平均蜕壳次数、首次产幼溞时间、平均产幼溞数量、平均产幼溞胎数和存活个体的平均体长都有显著影响。其中,0.445 mg·L-1暴露浓度可以显著减少大型溞的蜕壳次数、平均产幼溞数、平均产幼溞胎数和存活个体的平均体长。因此,综合考虑各项指标,NP40EO对大型溞21 d的最低观测效应浓度(LOEC)值为0.445 mg·L-1,无观测效应浓度(NOEC)值为0.11 mg·L-1。此外,还发现当NP40EO暴露浓度为1.78 mg·L-1时,大型溞的首次蜕壳时间和首次产幼溞时间受到显著影响。由此可见,NP40EO在一定程度上对大型溞的生长和繁殖具有抑制效应。An experiment was carried out to explore acute and chronic toxicity of nonylphenol ethoxylates(NP40 EO) to Daphnia magna and the chronic effects of the substance on fatality,growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna after 21 days of exposure,in an attempt to establish a dose-response relationship between the two and search for sensitive biological indices. Results of the acute toxicity test show that the 48 h-EC50 of NP40 EO to Daphnia magna was 14. 23 mg·L^(-1). Results of the chronic toxicity test show that NP40 EO had significant effects on the average number of molting,the first reproduction time,the total number of eggs per female,the number of brood per female and the average body length of survivors of the Daphnia magna. Among them,the exposure concentration of 0. 445 mg·L^(-1) could significantly reduce the number of molting,the average number of brood,the total number of eggs per female,and the average body length. Therefore,it could be concluded that after overall consideration of all the indices that the lowest observed effect concentration(LOEC)of NP40 EO for Daphnia magna is 0. 445 mg·L^(-1),and the no observed effect concentration(NOEC) is 0. 11 mg·L^(-1). In addition,the study has also found that the first molting time and the first reproduction time of Daphnia magna were significantly affected by NP40 EO 1. 78 mg·L^(-1) in exposure concentration. All the findings demonstrate that NP40 EO has some inhibitory effect on growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna.

关 键 词：壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 大型溞 急性毒性 慢性毒性 繁殖 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q89[生物学]