宋朝皇帝诏求直言的功能与效果  

The Research on the Function and Effects of the Imperial Edicts Issued for Outright Advise in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：丁建军[1] 宋若岩 

机构地区：[1]河北大学宋史研究中心,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第1期11-17,共7页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：河北大学宋史研究中心中国史一流学科建设经费2018年资助课题的阶段性成果

摘　　要：诏求直言是中国帝制时代一种比较常见的政治现象,宋朝皇帝诏求直言尤其多。理论上它是防止下情雍蔽以及皇帝与士大夫共治天下的一种方式,但在皇权专制体制下,多数诏求直言活动流于形式,在宋朝其主要的政治功能是向臣民展示皇帝开明纳谏的明君形象,其突出的政治效果是为北宋后期新旧党争提供了便利,新旧两党利用诏求直言或为政策调整制造舆论,或通过区分直言,党同伐异。尽管对改善宋朝政治的积极作用极为有限,但由于适应了皇帝塑造开明形象的政治需要,适应了天人感应论影响下安抚遭灾民众焦虑心理的需要,适应了士大夫参与政治,特别是党争政治的需要,诏求直言便成为宋朝皇权专制体制下一种常见的政治文化现象。The imperial edicts issued for outright advise were relatively common political phenomenon in the Chinese imperial era,which were more than other Dynasties in the Song.In theory,they could help the emperors to know the true situation in the folk,and also could show the scene that the emperor and the scholar co-ruled of the country.But in the imperial autocratic system,many of this kind of the imperial edicts only became a mere formality;in the Song Dynasty,they had two main political functions：The first one was to show the enlightened figure of the emperor to his subjects,and the second function were providing convenience for the party contest between the new and old party in the late Northern Song Dynasty：to create public opinion for policy adjustment by the imperial edicts,or by sorting the advice to support own party and attack the others.Although the positive role of this kind of imperial edicts in the Song Dynasty was very limited,but adapted to the need for the emperor to shape the enlightened figure,adapted to the psychological needs of the affected people by the influence of the interaction between heaven and man,and also adapted to the needs of the literati and officialdom to participate in politics,especially the need of the party contest.The imperial edicts for outright advice became a common political and cultural phenomenon under the authoritarian system of the Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：宋朝皇帝 诏求直言 功能 效果 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]