苹果园树下覆草研究初报  

Preliminary Report on Study of Grass Mulching in Apple Orchard

作　　者：梁芊[1] 孙慧英[1] 李一路 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院果树研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2018年第2期228-233,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为了研究出一套适合山西省吕梁山区旱地苹果园的集雨保墒模式,随机选取大宁县的3个山地果园,采用树下覆草、清耕对比试验对果园的土壤温度、含水量及养分、根系垂直分布特点、树体单株产量进行了研究。结果表明,3个果园树下覆草4 a与对照相比,土壤含水量随时间的变化均逐渐升高,说明树下覆草能够减少土壤水分蒸发,使土壤含水量显著提高。冬季树下覆草,在气温最低的1月份,距地面15 cm处土壤始终不结冻,地温为0.7~1.9℃;树下清耕距地面15 cm处结冻,温度为-2.4^-1.7℃。连续覆草4 a后较树下清耕,3个果园有机质含量、全氮、速效钾和速效磷含量均有不同程度的提高。树下覆草较清耕根系总数有显著增加,且随着处理年份的增加提高幅度增大,说明覆草促进了果树根系生长发育,有效提高果实质量和产量。To get a set of using rainwater to preserve soil moisture mode for arid apple orchard in Lüliang area, 3 hillside orchards were selected for research in Daning county. Grass cover under tree and cleaning tillage were taken as comparisons. Temperature, water content and nutrient content of orchard soil, root system vertical distribution characteristics, single tree yield were tested in this research.The results showed that soil water content raised gradually along with time-variation during 4 years after grass cover in 3 orchards compare with cleaning tillage. It indicated that grass cover could reduce soil water evaporation so as to increase soil moisture. When it was the lowest temperature in January, land temperature was 0.7-1.9 ℃ and soil did not freeze 15 cm underground which used grass cover. In contrast, land temperature was-2.4--1.7 ℃ and soil freezed 15 cm underground which only used cleaning tillage. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in 3 orchard were improved in different degrees after 4 a continuous grass mulching. Root number of the forth year increased significantly compared with cleaning tillage, and increase rate raised along with trait time. This indicates that grass cover can promote root growth of fruit trees, increase yield and raise fruit quality effectively.

关 键 词：果园 覆草 清耕 地温 土壤含水量 土壤养分 根系 单株产量 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]