旱地蔬菜钵苗自动移栽机栽植性能试验  

Experiment on transplanting performance of automatic vegetable pot seedling transplanter for dry land

作　　者：王永维[1] 何焯亮 王俊[1] 武传宇[2] 俞高红[2] 唐燕海[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,杭州310058 [2]浙江理工大学机械与自动控制学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第3期19-25,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金;国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA10A504)

摘　　要：为了提高蔬菜苗机械化移栽作业效率,实现旱地蔬菜钵体苗移栽自动化,研制了旱地蔬菜钵苗自动移栽机,主要由椭圆-不完全非圆齿轮行星系旋转式取苗机构、横向纵向间歇送苗机构、偏心圆盘吊杯式栽植器、动力传递系统等组成。为了获得该机的作业性能,以苗龄35 d的钵体番茄苗为移栽对象,分别在栽植频率45、60、75、84株/min时进行低速移栽试验,以96株/min的栽植频率进行高速移栽试验,按照机械行业标准JB/T 10291-2013《旱地栽植机械》测定了株距变异系数、漏栽率、栽植深度合格率、栽植合格率,参照农业行业标准NY/T 1924-2010《油菜移栽机质量评价技术规范》测定了直立度合格率。田间试验结果表明,在栽植频率为45~96株/min范围内,株距变异系数、漏栽率随栽植频率增加而略有增大,其平均值分别为6.6%~8.9%、1.7%~2.8%,栽植深度合格率、直立度合格率、栽植合格率随栽植频率增加略有下降,其平均值分别为97.5%~98.9%、96.7%~97.8%、91.1%~94.7%,株距变异系数、漏栽率、栽植深度合格率、栽植合格率均达到机械行业标准要求,直立度合格率也达到农业行业标准中的规定值。旱地蔬菜钵苗自动移栽机送苗机构、取苗机构、栽植器、整机行走配合协调,能够自动完成送苗、取苗、植苗、覆土等钵苗体移栽工序,作业性能良好。To improve the efficiency of mechanization in transplanting vegetable seedlings and achieve the automation of vegetable transplanter in dry land, an automatic vegetable pot seedling transplanter for dry land was developed. This transplanter is mainly composed of 2 rotating seedling picking-up mechanisms of planetary gear train with ellipse gears and incomplete non-circular gears, a horizontal and longitudinal intermittent seedling sending device, 2 eccentric disc dibble-type planting apparatuses, and a power transmission system. Two rotating seedling picking-up devices and 2 eccentric disc dibble-type planting apparatuses were symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal surface center of the machine, constituting 2 sets of automatic seedling picking-up and planting systems. The seedlings were provided automatically from 2 standard seedling pots with 128 holes using the horizontal and longitudinal intermittent seedling sending device. The engine drive shaft could transfer power to the principal axis of the apparatus through chain drive to enable the rotating and planting of the apparatus. Meanwhile, the principal axis of the apparatus could transfer the power to the rotating seedling picking-up mechanisms of planetary gear train with ellipse gears and incomplete non-circular gear and intermittent seedling sending device. Subsequently the intermittent seedling sending device could move horizontally and longitudinally to send the seedling pots to the target place, where the seedling picking-up mechanism took the seedlings from the pot to the eccentric disc dibble-type planting apparatus. To test the performance of this automatic vegetable pot seedling transplanter for dry land, the experiments were conducted in the test field where the soil condition met the mechanical industry standard in People＇s Republic of China Dry Land Planting Machinery（JB/T 10291-2013）. The tomato seedlings（ZheZ a 809） used in this experiment were cultivated in the standard seedling pots with 128 holes and transplanted at the age

关 键 词：农业机械 自动化 移栽 性能 钵体苗 

分 类 号：S223.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]