基于生态位和“反规划”思想的城市土地开发适宜性评价  

Suitability evaluation of urban land development based on niche and anti-planning

作　　者：张荣群[1] 王大海 艾东[2] 孙玮健 侯振宇 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]农业部耕地质量监测保护中心,北京100125

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第3期258-264,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(20131100201)

摘　　要：为深入了解城市土地开发适宜性情况并为城市土地合理利用提供依据,该研究以生态位理论为基础,根据城市土地现实生态位与最适宜生态位的贴近程度,构建出城市土地生态位适宜度模型,借鉴反规划思想构建出该模型的评价因子体系。以北京市房山区为研究区,根据城市土地生态适宜度对房山区土地综合开发适宜性进行分区,从平原区、浅山区和深山区3方面进行评价分析。结果表明:研究区城市土地生态适宜度整体呈阶梯状,土地开发适宜性由西到东逐渐升高;平原区城市土地开发最适区最多,深山区和浅山区多为不适宜区和特别不适宜区;深山区和浅山区受生态管控、采空塌陷等限制因素影响较大。利用生态位适宜度模型和反规划思想进行城市土地综合开发适宜性评价,丰富了反规划和生态位理论的应用领域。The evaluation of urban land development suitability is of great significance to the overall planning of urban land use. In order to know more about the suitability of urban land development, this study put forward the concept of urban land niche, and constructed the niche suitability model of urban land according to the urban land real ecology degree and the most suitable niche. The evaluation factor system of the model was constructed by referring to the anti-planning idea of giving priority to controlling the construction area. The evaluation factor system was divided into strong restrictive factor and stronger restrictive factor. The optimal value of urban land evaluation factor was influenced by multiple factors. The realistic resource niche of urban land in the study area was taken into account, and combined with relevant historical documents, the corresponding score was given for each evaluation factor. The strong restrictive factor was assigned with 0 and 1. And the stronger restrictive factor was assigned the values using the expert scoring method. And the score 100 was regarded as its optimal value. Considering the slope transition point of urban land niche suitability distribution curve, combined with the natural break-point method, based on the relevant historical literature, the urban land development suitability of the study area was divided into 4 grades： the first grade（the most suitability）, the second grade（basic suitability）, the third grade（not suitable）, and the fourth grade（especially unsuitable）. Finally, based on the urban land ecological suitability, this paper divided the suitability of urban land comprehensive development in Fangshan District, Beijing City, and evaluated from the 3 aspects i.e. the plain area, the shallow mountain area and the deep mountain area. The results were as follows： 1） The first grade area is 2 645.93 hm2, accounting for 13.27% of the total area; the second grade area is 1 697.79 hm2, accounting for 8.52% of the total area; the third grade

关 键 词：土地利用 分区 土地整治 生态位 反规划 土地开发适宜性 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学] F301.24[生物学—普通生物学]