不同季节部分鸢尾属植物对富营养化水体的净化研究  

Study on Purification of Some Species of Iris L. for Different Eutrophic Water in Different Seasons

作　　者：原海燕[1] 张永侠[1] 刘清泉[1] 杨永恒[1] 苗金 黄苏珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省中国科学院植物研究所南京中山植物园,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第1期165-170,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题(2012ZX07101-005);国家自然科学基金项目(31300436)

摘　　要：【目的】比较部分鸢尾属观赏植物对夏季及冬季不同浓度富营养化水体的净化能力。【方法】通过温室静态水培实验和人工湿地动态流水实验研究了花菖蒲(Iris ensata var.hortensis)、黄菖蒲(I.pseudacorus)、路易斯安那鸢尾(Louisiana iris)、红籽鸢尾(I.foetidissima)、鸢尾(I.tectorum)和蝴蝶花(I.japonica)6种鸢尾属观赏植物对夏季不同浓度富营养化水体以及路易斯安那鸢尾(Louisiana iris)、红籽鸢尾(I.foetidissima)、德国鸢尾(I.germanica)和蝴蝶花(I.japonica)4种常绿鸢尾属植物对冬季富营养化水体的净化效果。【结果】黄菖蒲、花菖蒲和路易斯安那鸢尾对夏季富营养化水体TN、TP的去除量与不同浓度富营养化水体TN、TP含量呈正相关,显著降低了水体TN、TP含量,另外,对降低水体COD含量也基本上具有一定促进作用。其中,供试植物中黄菖蒲对水体的净化效果最好,在高浓度富营养化水体中其对TN、TP的去除率分别高达95.5%和93.1%,因此最适合作为夏季水体净化材料;其次为花菖蒲和路易斯安那鸢尾;红籽鸢尾、鸢尾和蝴蝶花因在夏季富营养化水体中生长不良均不适宜于作为夏季富营养化水体净化。冬季供试鸢尾属植物中对水体TN、TP净化效果最佳的为路易斯安那鸢尾,其对TN净化效果显著(P<0.05),种植20 d后水体TN含量为0.925 mg/L,去除率为92.1%,达国家Ⅲ类水质标准(TN≤1 mg/L),水体TP去除率达91.6%;红籽鸢尾、德国鸢尾和蝴蝶花对水体净化效果相对较弱。冬季人工湿地动态流水净化模拟试验研究也表明:路易斯安那鸢尾净化效果最好,其TN去除率为46.0%~67.8%,TP去除率为54.3%~67.9%;红籽鸢尾TN去除率为39.5%~55.9%,TP去除率为28.6%~52.5%。【结论】供试植物中黄菖蒲对夏季富营养化水体的净化效果最好,路易斯安那鸢尾对冬季富营养化水体净化效果最好。【Objective】The purification ability of different species of Iris L. on eutrophic water was studied in summer and winter.【Method】The experiments of static and dynamic solution culture in greenhouse and constructed wetland were investigated,which were mainly been to study the purification efficiency of summer eutrophic water by using Iris ensata var. Hortensis,I. pseudacorus,I. hybirds,I. foetidissima,I.tectorum,I. japonica and the purification efficiency of winter eutrophic water by using I. hybrids,I. foetidissima,I. germanica,I. japonica. 【Result】The removal amounts of total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP) by I. pseudacorus,I. ensata var. Hortensis and I. hybirds were positively correlated to the contents of TN and TP in summer eutrophic water,and these three plants obviously decreased TN and TP concentration. In addition,these three plants also had basically a positive effect in reducing water COD concentration. Among which the purification effect of I. pseudacorus on eutrophic water was the best,and the removal rate of TN and TP reached 95. 5 % and 93. 1 % respectively,therefore,I. pseudacorus was the most appropriate plant material in the restoration of eutrophic waterbody. The second were I. ensata var. Hortensis and I. hybirds.And I. foetidissima,I. tectorum,and I. japonica were all not suitable to be used as the restorative materials because they had a poor growth in summer eutrophic water. In winter solution culture experiment,the purification eficiency of I. hybirds on eutrophic water was the best among the four tested plants. TN contents of water planted I. hybirds dropped to 0. 925 mg/L,the removal rate of TN was 92. 1 %,the water quality met the National Surface Water Quality Standard Grade Ⅲ TN Standard( TN≤1 mg/L),and the removal rate of TP was 91. 6 %. The purification rate of I. foetidissima,I. germanica,and I. japonica were relatively lower. The dynamic solution culture in constructed wetland also showed that the purification effect of I. hybirds on eutrophic water was the

关 键 词：水体富营养化 鸢尾属植物 总氮 总磷 净化效果 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]