叶面喷施氮肥对张杂谷10号光合特性及产量的影响  

Effect of foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of foxtail millet cultivar 'Zhangzagu 10' Setaria italic(L.) Beauv

作　　者：闫政东 郭平毅[1] 原向阳[1] 肖晓璐 王东明 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期37-41,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31301269);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD07B01-09);山西省科技攻关项目(20150311016-2);山西省重点研发项目(2015-TN-09);山西省谷子产业技术体系项目(2015-06)

摘　　要：[目的]同土壤施肥相比,叶面喷施氮肥(尿素)具有吸收速度快、针对性强、应用成本低等优点。本研究确定张杂谷喷施氮肥的合理用量及其对谷子肥害及产量的影响。[方法]以"张杂谷10号"为试验材料,采用田间试验,设定1%、1.5%、2%、3%、4%、6%共6个浓度的氮肥溶液在抽穗至灌浆期进行叶面喷施。研究谷子旗叶叶面积、SPAD值、光合参数、叶片硝酸还原酶活性、后期的穗部性状以及产量等对叶面喷施氮肥的响应。[结果]喷施氮肥在浓度不高于3%时能促进叶片的光合作用,提高旗叶叶面积、SPAD值以及叶片硝酸还原酶活性,当浓度为2%时促进作用最强,当喷施浓度大于3%时,则表现为抑制且抑制作用随浓度增大而增强。喷施氮肥浓度对谷子产量有显著影响,当浓度为2%时增产作用最强,较对照增产7.96%。产量变化趋势与上述指标趋势一致。[结论]在本试验条件下,抽穗至灌浆期叶面喷施氮肥浓度为2%时最佳,当浓度大于3%时会对谷子产生肥害,导致谷子产量降低。[Objective]Compared with soil application,the foliar application of nitrogenous fertilizer(urea)possessed several benefits,such as faster absorption strong target-specific,and less application cost.The aim of the research was to determine an optimal application rate of nitrogen fertilizer in millet crop fields using foliar application method.[Methods]The crop cultivar Zhangzagu 10 was used as research material.Field trials were set up,and foliar application was conducted during head sprouting and pustulation period of crops with fertile solutions at six concentrations,1%,1.5%,2%,3%,4%,and 6%..The interaction between fertilizer application and major factors of plant growth,such as the flag leaf area,SPAD value,photosynthetic parameter,blade nitrate reductase activity,panicle traits on later stage and the yield was determined.[Results]The results showed that foliar application of nitrogen fertilizers produced positive effects on photosynthesis rate,the blade nitrate reductase activity,,the flag leaf area and SPAD value when applied fertilizer concentration was up to 3% with the greatest boost occurred at the concentration of 2%.,However,further increasing the fertilizer concentration above 3 %caused negative effects on all growth parameters.The grain yield was significantly impacted(p<0.05)by foliar application of nitrogen fertilizer with the same trend as shown in other parameters,[Conclusion]Under the conditions of the present study,the optimal concentration of nitrogen fertilizer by foliar application was determined as 2% when applied during head sprouting and pustulation period.The further increase of fertilizer concentration over 3% will cause burning damage to the grains which will lead to reduction of grain yield.

关 键 词：叶面氮肥 杂交谷 SPAD 硝酸还原酶 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]