抗多径效应的全范围多员出舱通信方法  

Full Range Anti-multipath Effect Extravehicular Communications Method for Multiple Astronauts

作　　者：龙吟[1] 王岩 王悦[1] 黄克武[1] 崔久鹏 刘超[1] 程伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院载人航天总体部,北京100094 [2]山东航天电子技术研究所,山东烟台264670

出　　处：《航天器工程》2018年第1期52-57,共6页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：国家重大科技专项工程

摘　　要：针对载人航天器规模大和出舱活动范围广的现状,提出一种抗多径效应的全范围多员出舱通信方法,以解决传统出舱通信方法测控覆盖率低、多径效应影响严重的问题。通过在载人航天器外侧等间隔布置多副天线,实现相对于载人航天器360°范围内的出舱活动测控全覆盖。通信体制采用前向与返向频分双工体制(FDD),各出舱航天员之间采用直扩码分多址(DS-CDMA),对各出舱航天员设计不同的扩频码,解决多人出舱带来的通信互扰问题。为解决由于载人航天器遮蔽、反射带来的多径效应问题,前向链路和返向链路分别采用时间分集技术和空间分集技术的通信方式。仿真结果表明:同样满足10^(-5)误比特率的指标,全范围多员出舱通信方法比传统的单天线和三天线出舱通信方法的信噪比优化1.1~4.5dB,并且能实现全范围出舱活动的测控覆盖和通信连续。Considering the large-scale of manned spacecraft and the increasing range of EVA,a full range anti-multipath effect extravehicular communications method for multiple astronauts is proposed.The method can solve the problem of low coverage and severe multipath effect which can't be solved by traditional methods.Multiple antennas are evenly distributed around the outside of manned spacecraft to ensure the full communications coverage of EVA.FDD(frequency division dual)is adopted and different frequency is assigned to the forward link and backward link respectively.DS-CDMA(direct-sequence code division multiple access)is applied and diverse spreading codes are distributed to each extravehicular astronaut,so that the problem of extravehicular communications interference between multiple astronauts is solved.In order to weaken the multipath effect brought by shield and reflection of manned spacecraft,the forward link a-dopts time diversity technology while the backward link adopts space diversity technology.Simulation is carried out,and the results show that the signal to noise ratio can be reduced 1.1~4.5 dB by the method above proposed to realize the BER(bit error rate)of 10^(-5) comparing with the traditional methods of single-antenna and three-antenna,and the method proposed can realize the full range of extravehicular communications without interruption.

关 键 词：全范围出舱通信 多径效应 天线组阵 直扩码分多址 时间分集 空间分集 

分 类 号：TN915[电子电信—通信与信息系统]