大学生人口身体素质变动及其问题成因分析  

An Analysis on the Change and Causes of Physical Quality in College Students

作　　者：王晓峰[1] 王祥全[1] WANG Xiaofeng;WANG Xiangquan(Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Jilin University, Changchun Jilin, 130012, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《人口学刊》2018年第2期86-95,共10页Population Journal

基　　金：吉林省社会科学基金项目:吉林省民间体育组织发展现状与策略研究(2017B130)

摘　　要：人口素质是社会文明的标志,人口素质包括身体素质、科学文化素质和思想道德素质。其中身体素质是人口素质的物质基础和重要表现形式。通过对大学生人口身体素质近30年变化趋势的统计分析发现,在身体形态方面,大学生身高有所增长,但超重、肥胖比率不断上升;在身体机能方面,肺活量持续下降并处于较低水平;在运动素质方面,速度、灵敏、力量、耐力等素质不断下降,其中力量和耐力素质下降严重。影响大学生人口身体素质的因素有心理因素、行为因素、环境因素等,这些因素相互作用、紧密联系直接或间接地影响人口身体素质发展。本文结合影响人口身体素质的生态系统模型分析大学生人口身体素质变化趋势,研究发现:应试教育的惯性弱化了学校和家长对学生身体素质的培养;学校体育教学理念转型造成学校体育重娱乐轻体质培养;互联网过度使用使学生久坐、少动;学校健康公共服务不足,不能提供全面、有效的服务产品;独生子女特殊的抚养方式造成家庭教育过分溺爱。以上五点是当代大学生人口身体素质存在问题的成因。为提升大学生人口身体素质,应逐步完善健康公共服务体系,促进相关政策的协同性,促进政策法规的执行力,加强大学生健康素养教育。Population quality is a symbol of social civilization, which includes physical quality, scientific and cultural quality and ideological and moral standards. The physical quality is the material basis and an important manifestation of the population quality. Through the statistical analysis on the physical quality of college students in the nearly 30 years, we find that in terms of body shape, the height of college students has increased, but the ratio of overweight and obesity has been rising; in terms of bodily function, vital ca- pacity continues to decline and is at a low level; in terms of athletic quality, the quality of speed, sensitivity, strength, endurance and other qualities continue to decline, of which the strength and endurance decline in quality. The factors that affect the physical quality of college students are psychological factors, behavioral factors and environmental factors. These factors interact with each other directly or indirectly and affect the development of population physical quality. In combination with the ecosystem model that affects the physi- cal quality of the population, we analyze the change trend of college students＇ physical fitness. We think that the inertial examination education weakens the training of students and their parents; the transforma- tion of school PE teaching concept causes the school physical education weight entertainment light physical training; overuse of the Internet, so that students sedentary, less moving; school public health services are inadequate, cannot provide comprehensive and effective service products; single-child special ways of rear- ing, resulting in family education excessive spoiled, etc., these are the causes of the contemporary college population physical problems. In order to enhance the physical quality of college students, we should gradu- ally improve the health public service system, strengthen the physical quality and promote the coordination of related policies, promote the implementation of policies and regulations, an

关 键 词：大学生 人口素质 身体素质 健康行为 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]