等级性、量级结构与汉语性质形容词分类  

Gradability, Scale Structure and Classification of Simple Adjectives in Chinese

作　　者：罗琼鹏[1] LUO Qiono-peng(School of Liberal Arts, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《汉语学习》2018年第1期27-38,共12页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"程度语义学与汉语级差性现象研究"(项目编号:16BYY006)资助

摘　　要：性质形容词内部在语义蕴含关系、与程度词的搭配限制以及能否充当补语等方面存在差异,表明其内部可以划分为不同的次范畴。文章依据形容词所引导的量级结构的不同,把形容词分为相对形容词和绝对形容词,不同形容词比较标准的确定方式不同:(1)相对形容词所引导的量级结构没有上下限,比较标准由语境提供;(2)绝对形容词所引导的量级结构具有上限或/和下限,比较标准由上限或下限提供。对形容词做出这两种分类,能对形容词内部在语义上的异质特征做出更准确的预测和更合理的说明,有充分的事实根据和理论需求。There exist a variety of differences in semantic entailment and collocational constraint with degree adverbs among simple （property） adjectives in Chinese. These seemingly complicated phenomena can be reduced to a combination of two factors： （l） the typology of the scale structures the adjectives are associated with; （2） the means by which the standard of comparison are determined. Accordingly, for those adjectives that are associated with the scale structures that have neither the maximum standard nor the minimum standard, the standard of comparison is provided by contextual factors, while for others the standard of comparison is provided by either the maximum standard or the minimum standard. This new classification provides a more motivated account of the heterogeneous semantic and distributional features among simple adjectives.

关 键 词：形容词 等级性 量级结构 程度语义学 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]