两种句法结构的情态化——兼谈其传信功能与语用趋势  

The Modalitization of Two Kinds of Syntactic Structure——On the Evidentiality Functions and Pragmatic Trends

作　　者：赵彧[1] ZHAO Yu(Language Institute, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 20023)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学语言研究所,上海200234

出　　处：《汉语学习》2018年第1期50-59,共10页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"汉语跨层词汇化的再演变研究"(项目编号:17BYY161);上海师范大学研究生优秀成果培育项目(项目编号:A-0132-17-002021)资助

摘　　要："看+N"和"看+C"两种句法结构内部存在短语型"看X_1"和情态型"看X_2"两种用法。"看X_2"的虚化过程大致经历了行域到知域、句法主语到言者主语、命题成分到情态成分、自由度低到高四个阶段。在叙实程度与传信功能上,其主要表达感知、推估和总结等功能,在转折语义及预期偏离、回溯推理、适量原则等语用因素的作用下,"看X_2"有发展出隐性否定的语用趋势,是语用化的过程,对语境的依赖较强,隐性否定的话语意义还没有完成语义化、规约化过程。"看X_2"的情态化历程经历了主语提升、语义虚化和以命题为操作域三个过程。The grarnmaticalization process of ＂kanX2＂goes through from acting to knowing, syntax subject to speak subject, propositional constituent to modality constituent, low autonomous degree to high autonomous degree. Look from the degree of narrative and evidentiality functions, it mainly express the affirmative evidentiality of perceptual function, estimation function and summary function. Under the influence of the adversity semantics and expectation-deviating, backtracking reasoning and so on, ＂kanX2＂develops the pragmatic trends of implicit negation function, which is the progress of pragmaticalization, and is more dependent on context. The implicit negation haven＇t gone through the process of semanticization and conventionalization. The modalitization process of ＂kanX2＂undergoes subject lifting, semantic bleaching and using proposition as operating field.

关 键 词：“看X1” “看X2” 情态化 隐性否定 语用趋势 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]