美洲黑杨与青杨及其杂交子代的叶角度变化与解剖结构  

Leaf angle change and anatomical structure of Populus deltoides,P. cathayana and their hybrid F1

作　　者：刘静涵 刘宣劭 金昊 黄鹏 洑香香 方升佐 田野 Liu Jing-han;Liu Xuan-shao;Jin Hao;Huang Peng;Fu Xiang-xiang;Fang Sheng-zuo;Tian Ye(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Forestry,Nanjing Forestry Universit)

机构地区：[1]南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2018年第2期11-21,共11页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD09B02); 江苏高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目(PPZY2015A062)

摘　　要：【目的】对美洲黑杨‘I-69’杨(♀,F)、青杨(♂,M)及其杂交子代的3种类型(偏母型FP、中间型I、偏父型MP)进行比较研究,探讨亲本和子代叶取向的光响应机制和对不同环境的适应能力,为南方山地适宜杨树无性系选育提供依据。【方法】观测叶角日变化规律、测量叶形态指标、扫描电镜观察叶/叶柄解剖结构。【结果】亲本F的光响应主要通过叶柄扭曲角和叶悬挂角的协同作用完成趋光和避光运动,M则通过改变叶悬挂角来完成;F1代3种类型通过叶角变化进行光调节的效果并不明显。亲本和杂交F1代的叶解剖结构差异较大,其中F和FP为等面叶类型,其上、下表皮气孔密度比分别为0.87和1.02;叶解剖结构包括上下2层栅栏组织,且占比较大(>0.7),无海绵组织。M、I和MP为异面叶类型,其上、下表皮气孔密度比分别为0.08、0.45和0.55;叶解剖结构包括较厚的海绵组织和上层栅栏组织,其栅栏组织和海绵组织之比为MP(0.75)>I(0.55)>M(0.47)。叶柄解剖结构表明不同部位结构与叶角度运动密切相关:母本F的叶柄由上至下形态上表现为窄椭圆形渐变为宽心型,维管束的排列方式由纵向排列逐渐成为横向排列;父本M叶柄结构从上至下差异不大,形态上由近圆形至心形,维管束排列方式呈放射状;F1代3种类型无论从形态上还是维管束排列方式上的变化皆介于2亲本间。【结论】结合南方山区的气候特点,初步认为F1代中的I型和MP型具有较好的抗旱结构特点和较高的光合能力,适宜栽培于高海拔山地,而FP型可能更适于低海拔山地。[Objective]To provide evidences for selecting appropriate poplar clones for southern mountain area in China,the responses to sunlight and adaptability to habitat for Populus deltoides cv.＇I-69＇（♀）（F）,P.cathayana（♂）（M） and 3 types of hybrid F1,including female-parent-like（FP）,intermediate（I） and male-parent-like（MP）,were compared and analyzed.[Method]The diurnal changing pattern of twist angles and midrib angles and leaf morphological indexes were measured,and anatomical structures of leaves and petioles were observed by scanning electron microscope.[Result]The co-operation of changing in twist angles and midrib angle led to leaf movement for maternal F,whilethe movement of midrib angles was mainly forced for paternal M.The response to sunlight by changing the leaf orientation for 3 types of F1 was not significant.Obvious differences in anatomical structure were found in parental poplars and F1 types.As the types of isobilateral leaf,F and FP possessed the ratio of 0.87 and 1.02 for stoma density on the upper to the lower of leaf epidermis,no sponge tissue was observed,and 2 layers of palisade tissue,located in the upper and lower of leaf,occupied more than 0.7 of total thickness of leaf.As the types of bifacial leaf,including F,I and FP,the ratios of stoma density on the upper to the lower of leaf epidermis were 0.08,0.45 and 0.55,respectively;thicker sponge tissue and palisade tissue on the upper leaf were observed,and the rank of the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue was MP（0.75）I（0.55）M（0.47）.Anatomical structure of F petiole showed the tendency of cross-section shape varying from narrow-oval to wide-heart-shape,with a gradually changing arrangement of vascular bundle from vertical to horizontal along the upper to lower section of petiole.While the structure of M petiole showed small variation,from near round to heart-shape in shape,and radial pattern in arrangement of vascular bundle from the upper to lower section.However,for 3 types of F1,both the shap

关 键 词：美洲黑杨'I-69’杨 青杨 杂交F1代 叶角度变化 叶解剖结构 

分 类 号：S718.47[农业科学—林学] S792.11