基于不同生态风险度的水库调度方法研究  

Reservoir operation method based on different ecological risk degrees

作　　者：赵朋晓 李永[1] 张志广[2] 张鹏[1] 李克锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,成都610065 [2]中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司,北京100024

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2018年第2期68-78,共11页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究”重点专项(2016YFc0502210);国家自然科学基金(51379136)

摘　　要：生态调度是平衡生态效益与其它效益的一种环保措施。当效益间发生矛盾时,可选择不同生态风险度作为决策依据,开展水库调度。以坝下典型断面的水深和流速为约束,提出基于鱼类产卵期生境断面水力需求和考虑不同生态风险度的生态调度模型。以元江桥头电站的华南鲤产卵场为例,评估5种典型日设计调度方案的生态风险度,结果显示2个方案的风险度为0,3个方案的风险度大于0.5。设计0.14、0.29、0.43三种目标风险度,分别对上述3个调度方案进行优化,得到9个优化方案。结果显示,优化方案的发电量与设计方案相比减小比例最小为16.29%,最大为36.37%。该模型可为生态约束的形成和生态调度方案的制定提供理论参考。Ecological operation is a measure of environment protection to balance eco-benefit and other benefits. When a conflict exists betwccn these benefits in reservoir operation, ecological risk degree can be chosen as a decision-making basis for the operation. This paper presents an ecological scheduling model that is based on the hydraulic demands of fish spawning habitat under different ecological risks and the constraints of flow depth and velocity at typical downstream cross-sections of the dam. We use this model to evaluate the ecological risk degree of the spawning ground for Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus Lacepede at the Yuanjiang Qiaotou hydropower station, and compare five typical daily operation schemes. The results show that the risk degree is zero for two schemes and above 0.5 for the other three schemes. And nine optimized schemes are obtained through optimizing these three schemes with three given target risk degrees of 0.14, 0.29 and 0.43. Comparison shows that the optimized schemes require a reduction in actual power generation with the reduction ratio in a range of 16.29% - 36.37%. Thus our model is able to balance power generation benefit and eco-benefit in the design of ecological scheduling schemes of reservoir operation.

关 键 词：水库调度 华南鲤 生态风险度 平均流速 平均水深 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]