棉隆熏蒸加短期轮作葱显著减轻苹果连作障碍  

Dazomet Fumigation and Short-time Allium fistulosum Rotation Can Significantly Reduce the Apple Replant Disease

作　　者：徐少卓 刘宇松 夏明星 王英平 陈学森[1] 沈向[1] 尹承苗[1] 毛志泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省出入境检验检疫局,山东青岛266555

出　　处：《园艺学报》2018年第1期11-20,共10页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-28);国家自然科学基金项目(31501720;31672104);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201114);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014CL024);山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)

摘　　要：在盆栽条件下,以苹果砧木平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,研究棉隆熏蒸老龄苹果园土壤并轮作一季葱,对土壤微生物环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响,以期为防控苹果连作障碍提供新技术。2015年5月进行4种试验处理,分别为老龄苹果园土壤对照,老龄苹果园土壤轮作葱,棉隆熏蒸老龄苹果园土壤,棉隆熏蒸老龄苹果园土壤后轮作葱,2016年5月各处理土壤统一定植平邑甜茶幼苗。结果表明:与对照相比,棉隆熏蒸后轮作葱处理的土壤真菌数量减少了73%,层出镰孢菌的基因拷贝数减少67%,细菌数减少19%,细菌/真菌比值增加了213%。T-RFLP图谱的主成分分析(PCA)、聚类分析结果显示,棉隆熏蒸后轮作葱明显改变了土壤真菌群落结构,且比单纯棉隆熏蒸处理提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性。棉隆熏蒸后轮作葱处理,平邑甜茶株高、茎粗、鲜质量和干质量分别为连作土对照的1.96倍、1.75倍、2.31倍和2.34倍,根长、根面积、根体积和根呼吸速率较连作土对照分别提高了155%、310%、294%和89%。可见,棉隆熏蒸后轮作葱处理,具有最高的细菌/真菌比值,并显著改变了土壤真菌群落结构,提高了土壤酶活性,促进了平邑甜茶幼苗的生长,防控连作障碍的效果优于单纯棉隆熏蒸,是减轻苹果连作障碍的有效措施。In order to provide basis for preventing and controlling apple replant disease,the Malus hupehensis Rehd.,which was planted in a Allium fistulosum rotation after dazomet fumigation under pot condition,was tested to study the effect on the soil environment and the growth of its seedling. Experiments were begun to conduct in May 2015,and four treatments were：soil of old apple orchard,Allium fistulosum rotation,dazomet fumigation,and Allium fistulosum rotation after dazomet fumigation. The seedlings of M. hupehensis Rehd. for all treatments were planted in May 2016. The results showed that,compared Allium fistulosum rotation after dazomet fumigation with the control in 2015,the fungi number was reduced by 73%;the copy number of Fusarium proliferatum which was analysised by Real-time PCR was reduced by 67%;the number of bacteria was reduced by 19%;the ratio of bacteria and fungi was increased by 213%. The results of principal component analysis of T-RFLP（PCA）and cluster analysis showed that,Allium fistulosum rotation after dazomet fumigation significantly changed soil fungal community structure. Compared with dazomet fumigation,the soil enzyme activity（urease,sucrase,catalase,phosphatase）of Allium fistulosum rotation after dazomet fumigation was increased. In August 2016,compared with the control,the plant height,stem diameter,fresh weight and dry weight of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings with a Allium fistulosum rotation after dazomet fumigation were 1.96,1.75,2.31 and 2.34 times those of the control,respectively,and the root length,root area,root volume,root respiration rate were increased by 155%,310%,294% and 89%,respectively. The treatment with a short time Allium fistulosum rotation after dazomet fumigation had the highest ratio of bacteria and fungi,significantly changed the soil fungal community structure,improved soil enzyme activity,promoted the growth of M. hupeheusis Rehd.,and had the better function in prevention and control of apple replant disease than that of dazomet fumigation,therefore,it co

关 键 词：苹果 连作障碍 棉隆熏蒸 短期轮作葱 真菌群落结构 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]