根皮苷和串珠镰孢菌加重苹果连作土壤环境及其对平邑甜茶生长的抑制  

Phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme Aggravated the Replanted Soil Environment and Inhibited the Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

作　　者：姜伟涛 尹承苗[1,2] 段亚楠 相立[1] 王玫 陈学森[1] 沈向[1] 张民[2] 毛志泉 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学资源与环境学院/土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《园艺学报》2018年第1期21-29,共9页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31501720,31672104); 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-28); 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201114); 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014CL024); 山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)

摘　　要：以平邑甜茶幼苗(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)为试材,在盆栽条件下研究了串珠镰孢菌和根皮苷对幼苗生长及连作土壤微生物的影响,为阐明连作障碍的发生机理提供理论依据。结果表明:8月份串珠镰孢菌、根皮苷、串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷处理均不同程度降低了连作条件下‘平邑甜茶’幼苗的生物量,其中串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷处理的株高、地径、鲜质量、干质量降低最显著,分别为连作土对照的70.6%、77.4%、52.3%和43.7%;9月份各处理的生长量趋势与8月份一致。在8月和9月,不同处理对幼苗根系呼吸速率的抑制作用表现为:串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷>串珠镰孢菌>根皮苷>连作土对照。3个处理均不同程度地抑制了连作土壤中细菌的生长,促进了真菌的生长,改变了土壤真菌的群落结构。3个处理均不同程度地降低了连作土壤中脲酶、中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性;在8月,根皮苷、串珠镰孢菌、串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷处理后对土壤脲酶活性的抑制作用较显著,分别比对照降低14.8%、29.1%和53.4%。综上,串珠镰孢菌和根皮苷单独或组合处理均显著抑制了‘平邑甜茶’幼苗的生长,其中串珠镰孢菌+根皮苷处理最为显著,说明根皮苷和串珠镰孢菌共同作用加重了苹果连作障碍现象。To provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the mechanism of apple replant disease,a pot experiment was conducted to study effects of phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme on the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and the replanted soil microorganisms. The determination results of the August showed that the biomass of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings was significantly reduced with the treatments of Fusarium moniliforme,phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme ＋ phloridzin. The plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight and dry weight of the Fusarium moniliforme ＋ phloridzin were 70.6%,77.4%,52.3%,and 43.7% of the replanted soil control,respectively. The growth trend of the treatments in September was consistent with that in the year of August. Treatments that caused damage to the root respiration rate of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings in August and September were sorted as：Fusarium moniliforme ＋ phloridzin Fusarium moniliforme phloridzin replanted soil control. Three treatments inhibited the growth of bacteria in the replanted soil,promoted the growth of fungi and changed the community structure of soil fungi. The activities of soil catalase,soil urease,soil invertase,soil neutral phosphatase were significantly reduced with the three treatments;In August,soil urease was reduced by 14.8%,29.1%,53.4% compared with the replanted soil control. In conclusion, Fusarium moniliforme and phloridzin alone or in combination significantly inhibited the growth of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings,Fusarium moniliforme and phloridzin treatment was the most significant. These results suggested that the combination of phloridzin and Fusarium moniliforme could increase the phenomenon of apple replant disease.

关 键 词：苹果 连作障碍 根皮苷 串珠镰孢菌 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]