硝基甲烷与铝粉混合物燃爆特性实验研究  

Experimental Study on Deflagrating Characteristics of Nitromethane-aluminum Powder

作　　者：何宁[1,2] 向聪 李伟[2] 张奇[2] 

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院安全工程学院,河北廊坊065201 [2]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《兵工学报》2018年第1期111-117,共7页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10772029);中央高校基础科学研究专项项目(AQ1202A)

摘　　要：随着新型武器装药的大范围使用,对典型装药燃爆特性参数的研究已成为兵工企业安全生产亟待解决的基础问题。在1 m^3密闭爆炸容器内,利用自组建的爆炸测试系统研究了硝基甲烷蒸气的燃爆特性和硝基甲烷蒸气与铝粉尘混合物的燃爆特性。研究结果表明:在实验浓度范围内,随着硝基甲烷蒸气含量的增加,硝基甲烷蒸气与空气的混合物爆燃压力和温度的变化出现一直增大的趋势,爆燃超压在浓度值40%~60%趋于平缓,硝基甲烷蒸气浓度在20%~30%时能够得到最小点火能量的最低值0.7 mJ;硝基甲烷蒸气与铝粉尘混合物,在弱点火条件下随着铝粉尘浓度的增加,压力出现一个极值点,混合物爆燃(或爆轰)压力随铝粉尘浓度变化呈倒"U"形曲线,这一现象基本符合一般可爆性物质燃爆特征。The deflagrating characteristics of the gaseous nitromethane and the mixture of gaseous nitromethane and aluminum dust were test by using an explosion testing system in the 1 m^3 closed explosion chamber.The explosion testing system includes pressure testing part and ignition energy testing part.The test results show that,within the experimental concentration range,the deflagration pressure and temperature increase with the increase in nitromethane content in the gaseous nitromethane and air mixture.Deflagration overpressure tends to be gentle in the gaseous nitromethane concentration of 40%-60%.The minimum ignition energy of 0.7 mJ can be obtained when the concentration of gaseous nitromethane is 20%-30%.Under the condition of weak ignition,an extreme point appears in the pressure of deflagration with the increase in the concentration of aluminum dust：the deflagration pressure is in the shape of upside-down U-shaped curve with the change in aluminum density,and the humps formed basically conform to the deflagrating characteristics of explosive material.

关 键 词：硝基甲烷 铝粉 燃爆特性 最小点火能量 特征参数 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]