1980-2015年黄河流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化分析  

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall Erosivity in Yellow River from 1980 to 2015

作　　者：范俊甫[1,2] 何惠馨[1] 郭兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学建筑工程学院,淄博255049 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2018年第2期196-204,共9页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501425);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0503500);山东省重点研发计划项目(2016GSF122006);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J16LH03);山东理工大学青年教师发展支持计划项目(4072-115016);资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室开放基金项目~~

摘　　要：本文利用1980-2015年黄河流域及周边166个气象站点36 a的降雨资料,采用日降雨侵蚀力计算模型,对克里金插值后的栅格数据,通过利用主成分分析法、isodata聚类和最大似然法实现区域划分,并在此基础上应用重心模型研究了黄河流域降雨侵蚀力的时空变化。研究结果表明:黄河流域内不同区域的年降雨侵蚀力差异较大,最小的区域在200 MJ·mm·hm^(-2)·h^(-1)左右变化,最大的区域可达3000 MJ·mm·hm^(-2)·h^(-1),年降雨侵蚀力具有由西北向东南递增的趋势。年降雨侵蚀力大的区域其侵蚀力值在不同年份中波动范围也大。西宁、呼和浩特等所在的一区、二区和三区的年降雨侵蚀力的重心总体上呈现向东北方迁移趋势。太原、西安所在的四区、五区其重心总体上呈现向西南方迁移趋势,其年降雨侵蚀力重心迁移范围小,重心点分布更紧密。各区域年降雨侵蚀力重心的迁移范围在空间和时间尺度上总体呈现由西北向东南方向逐渐缩小趋势。Yellow River is the second longest river in China. The soil erosion and sandstorm harms are the severe problems for the management of Yellow River. Rainfall erosivity is a reflection of potential soil erosion caused by rainfall and an important factor of soil erosion models. The research about rainfall erosivity in Yellow River is critical for the preservation and management of Yellow River. This research used daily rainfall data from 166 meteorological stations in Yellow River from 1980 to 2015. The rainfall erosivity was calculated by the daily rainfall erosivity model. It is necessary to use area partition because differences of the climate factors, i.e. rainfall, are significant in a river basin. The annual variation of rainfall erosivity was discussed based on PCA, isodata cluster and maximum likelihood classification method which were used to area partition after the ordinary kriging method, and the gravity center model. The gravity center can be used to reveal migration direction of the rainfall erosivity. The results showed that rainfall erosivity was quite different in different zones of Yellow River. The minimal value of the erosivity was 200 M J·mm·hm-2· h-1, and the maximum value was 3000 MJ· mm· hm-2· h-1. The rainfall erosivity of Yellow River had an increase from the northwest to the southeast. The zones with large rain- fall erosivity also had an intense variation. The gravity center of rainfall erosivity in some zones which included Xining and Huhehaote, had a migration towards the northeast. While some zones which included Taiyuan and Xi＇an, had a migration toward the southwest. The migration area of gravity center in each zone dwindled from the northwest to the southeast in temporal and spatial variations. The variety of the same zone＇s rainfall distribution in different years had a decrease from the northwest to the southeast.

关 键 词：降雨侵蚀力 黄河流域 重心模型 年际变化 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]