“和谐政治”:弗里德里希二世及18世纪普鲁士的开明专制  

The Politics of Harmony: Friedrich II and the Enlightened Absolutism of Prussia in the 18th Century

作　　者：徐健[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系

出　　处：《求是学刊》2018年第1期143-152,共10页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"普鲁士行政制度的现代化研究"(14BSS044)

摘　　要：开明专制是欧洲绝对君主制的变体,是一种特殊类型的政制形式。文章以弗里德里希二世统治时期的普鲁士为例,通过剖析弗里德里希二世的性格、态度及其治国术,考察普鲁士开明体制下君权与官僚制度、等级议会及司法机构之间的权力关系,同时,考察开明专制时期普鲁士经济政策和国家建设的特点。文章认为,弗里德里希的开明统治以国家利益和人民福祉为目标,依靠制度规范、法制建设,一定程度上体现了"政治和谐",并由此影响了普鲁士的政治文化。The enlightened absolutism as a type of political system, is a variant of the absolute monarchy in Europe. The article takes Prussia under Freidrich Ⅱ as an example, analyzing the monarch＇s character, attitudes and ruling art, exploring the relations between the monarch and the bureaucratic system, the estate and the judiciary, as well as the economic policy and its efficiency. It argues that Friedrich＇s rule based on the rational system and the rule of law, in the name of the state＇s interests and people＇s happiness, reflects＂the politics of harmony＂at a certain degree. It also helps to form the political culture of Prussia.

关 键 词：弗里德里希二世 开明专制 官房学 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]