基于组合绿色生态措施的北方城市雨雪径流削减模拟  

Simulation of rainfall and snowmelt runoff reduction in a northern city based on combination of green ecological strategies

作　　者：韩金凤 刘硕[1] 戴君 邱豪 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第2期643-650,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41501033;41601553);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07201007-006);哈尔滨师范大学大学生实践创新基金项目资助~~

摘　　要：以北方城市雨雪径流削减控制为研究目标,通过构建SWMM雨雪径流模型对北方城市夏季降雨径流量和春季融雪径流量进行模拟.同时根据研究区气候特点和实际情况制定了符合研究区低影响开发(LID)绿色生态措施方案,通过加入简单式绿化屋顶、雨雪收集双用装置和下凹式绿地3种控制措施,模拟了组合绿色生态措施对研究区夏季降雨和春季融雪径流的削减以及对排水管网压力的缓解效果.结果表明:2016年5月24日、6月10日和7月18日3场实测降雨模拟的最大径流量分别为2.7、6.2和7.4 m^3·s^(-1),1、2、5、10年4种不同重现期降雨条件下的峰值流量分别为2.39、3.91、6.24和7.85 m^3·s^(-1);在融雪期,峰值流量出现在3月初.LID措施在雨季对削减峰值流量、延迟峰值时间和缓解排水压力具有很好的控制效果,削减率最高可达70%左右,而且通过加入雪收集装置,对春季融雪径流也有一定的控制效果.With the aim to control and reduce rainfall and snowmelt runoff in northern cities in China, the summer runoff and spring snowmeh runoff in the studied area were simulated with the establishment of storm water management model （SWMM）. According to the climate characteristics and the situation of the studied area, the low impact development （LID） green ecological strategies suitable for the studied area were established. There were three kinds of management strategies being used, including extended green roof, snow and rainwater harvesting devices, and grass-swales or trenches. We examined the impacts of those integrated green ecological measures on the summer rainfall and spring snowmelt runoff and their mitigation effects on the drainage network pressure. The results showed that the maximum flow rates of the measured rainfall in May 24th, June 10th and July 18th 2016 were 2.7, 6.2 and 7.4 m3 . s-1 respectively. The peak flow rates at different return periods of 1, 2, 5, 10 years were 2.39, 3.91, 6.24 and 7.85 m3 . s-1, respectively. In the snowmeh period, the peak flow appeared at the beginning of March. The LID measures had positive effect on peak flow reduction, and thus delayed peak time and relieved drainage pressure. The flow reduction rate was as high as 70%. Moreover, the snow harvesting devices played a positive role in controlling snowmeh runoff in spring.

关 键 词：暴雨洪水管理模型(SWMM) 雨水径流 融雪径流 峰值流量 低影响开发(LID) 绿色生态措施 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学] TU992[水利工程—水文学及水资源]