燕子花形态、生理和繁殖对水位变化的响应  

Responses of Morphology, Physiology and Reproduction of Iris laevigata to Change of Water Level

作　　者：曲文静[1,2] 乔娅楠 王灵艳 唐占辉 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学环境学院,吉林长春130117 [2]国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室,吉林长春130117 [3]武警后勤学院学员二旅,天津300309

出　　处：《湿地科学》2018年第1期79-84,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31470446);国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室开放课题(130028629)资助

摘　　要：认知湿地植物对水位的响应机制对于保护湿地植物和湿地修复具有重要的意义。以吉林龙湾国家级自然保护区金川泥炭沼泽中一种常见的植物——燕子花（Iris laevigata）为研究对象,通过模拟控制实验,在15 cm、8 cm、0 cm、-8 cm和-15 cm水位下,研究了其形态、生理和繁殖对水位变化的响应规律。研究结果表明,在0 cm（地表）、8 cm、15 cm、-8 cm和-15 cm水位下,燕子花的株高和地上生物量依次降低,0 cm水位下株高最高和地上生物量最大,且都显著大于其它水位下的株高和地上生物量;8 cm水位下的叶片数量最多,显著大于其它水位下的叶片数量;在0 cm水位下,叶片的净光合作用速率和叶绿素含量最大、丙二醛含量最小,而在-15 cm水位下则反之;燕子花的根系活力随着水位降低而减弱。在-8 cm和-15 cm水位下,燕子花不开花;在0 cm（地表）、8 cm和15 cm水位下,燕子花的开花日期和花部综合特征存在差异,但是,燕子花的开花持续时间、花粉数、胚珠数、花粉活力和柱头可授性都无显著差异。较适宜燕子花生长和繁殖的水位范围为0~8 cm,水位变化会对金川泥炭沼泽中的燕子花种群产生一定影响。因此,在湿地管理中,应该适当控制水位,以利于燕子花种群的稳定生长。Peat bogs is substantially different from other ecosystems when comparing their environmental elements, as plants survival and reproduction are strongly affected by fluctuated water level, soil nutrition feature and pollinators in the bogs. Meanwhile, plants adopt diverse strategy to adapt to the variable environmental conditions in the bogs. Iris laevigata, a common plant in Jinchuan bogs, located in Jilin Longwan National Nature Reserve, was used as the experimental material to explore the response of morphology, physiology and reproduction under the water levels of 15 em, 8 cm, 0 cm, -8 cm and -15 cm. The results showed that under the water levels of 0 cm （surface）, 8 cm, 15 cm, -8 cm and- 15 cm, the heights and biomass of Iris laevigata decreased in turn, ones of Iris laevigata under the water level of 0 cm were significantly greater than those under other water levels. The number of leaves was the maximum under the water level of 8 cm, which was significantly higher than those under other water levels. Under the water level of 0 cm, the net photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content were the highest, while the malondialdehyde content was the lowest, but it was the opposite under the water level of-15 cm. The root activity gradually decreased with the water level drop. Under the water levels of-8 cm and -15 cm, Iris laevigata do not bloom. Under the water levels of 0 cm （surface）, 8 cm, and 15 cm, there were differences in flowering phonology and floral traits, but there was no significant difference in flowering duration, pollen and ovule number, pollen viability and stigma receptivity. The response of the morphological, physiological and reproductive biological characteristics of the Iris laevigata to the change of water level showed that the suitable water level for Iris laevigata was 0-8 cm, and the change of the water level might have some influence on the Iris laevigata population in Jinchuan bogs.

关 键 词：燕子花 水位梯度 泥炭沼泽 湿地修复 

分 类 号：Q948.118[生物学—植物学]