天津地区无偿献血者传染性标志物检测分析  

Analysis of Infectious Markers of Voluntary Blood Donor in Tianjin Area

作　　者：李娜 LI Na(Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Blood Center, Tianjin 300110, China)

机构地区：[1]天津市血液中心检验科,天津300110

出　　处：《继续医学教育》2018年第2期140-142,共3页Continuing Medical Education

摘　　要：目的评价血清学和核酸检测在献血者血液筛查中的互补作用,探讨减少血液报废的可行性对策。方法用ELISA法对2014年1—12月天津地区无偿献血者82 756份标本做HBs Ag、抗-HCV、抗-HIV进行血清学检测;同时利用procleix TIGRIS全自动核酸检测系统对其进行HBV-DNA/HCV-RNA/HIV-RNA进行检测。结果 ELISA法总阳性率0.905%(749/82 756),其中HBs Ag(+)586例(0.708%),抗-HCV(+)53例(0.064%),抗-HIV(+)110例(0.132%);NAT总反应率0.221%(183/82 756),其中HBV-DNA(+)146例(0.176%),HIVRNA(+)37例(0.045%),HCV-RNA(+)0例;ELISA(+)+NAT(-)的标本597例(0.721%);ELISA(-)+NAT(+)标本32例(0.039%);NAT(+)的183例标本中仅有1例ALT(+)。结论 ELISA法检测阳性率高于NAT法,NAT法可筛查出ELISA法不能检测出的"窗口期"标本,ELISA和NAT在血液筛查中相互补充,可降低输血传播传染病的风险。Objective To evaluate the complementary role of serology andnucleic acid test in blood screening of blood donors, and discuss the feasible countermeasures to reduce the blood condemnation rate. Methods The HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV were tested by ELISA method in 82 756 voluntary blood donor in Tianjin in January to December 2014; At the same time, the procleix TIGRIS automatic nucleic acid detection system was used to detect the HBV-DNA/HCV-RNA/HIV-RNA. Results The total positive rate of ELISA was 0.905%（749/82 756）, among which HBsAg （＋） 586 cases （0.708%）, anti-HCV （＋） 53 cases （0.064%）, anti-HIV （＋） 110 cases （0.132%）; The total positive rate of NAT was 0.221% （183/82 756）, with HBV-DNA （＋） 146 cases （0.176%）, HIV-RNA （＋） cases 37cases （0.045%）, HCV-RNA （＋） 0 cases; The specimens of ELISA （＋） ＋ NAT （-） were 597 （0.721%）; ELISA （-） ＋ NAT （＋） specimen 32 cases （0.039%）; Only one of the 183 specimens of NAT（＋） was ALT （＋）. Conclusion The positive rate of ELISA method was signifcantly higher than the method of NAT; NAT can detect the specimens in “window period” which was undiscoverable by the ELISA method; ELISA and NAT in blood screening complement each other, thus can reduce the risk of transfusion transmitted infections.

关 键 词：传染性标志物 酶联免疫吸附测定 核酸检测 无偿献血者 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学]