甘薯茎叶徒长对氮肥的响应及其表征指标研究  

Response of Vine Overgrowth in Sweet Potato to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Characteristic Indexes

作　　者：段文学[1,2] 张海燕 解备涛[1,2] 汪宝卿 张立明[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东济南250100 [2]农业部黄淮海薯类科学观测实验站,山东济南250100 [3]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2018年第2期33-37,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31501261);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2015YL074);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-11-B08);山东省薯类创新团队项目(SDAIT-10-16-09)

摘　　要：在大田条件下,以济薯18、紫罗兰、济薯25、广薯87和徐薯32共5个甘薯品种为试材,设置不施氮(N0)和施纯氮120 kg/hm^2(N1)、240 kg/hm^2(N2)3个处理,研究不同品种的耐氮性和徒长程度,并运用多元统计分析方法对植株地上部茎叶生长指标进行统计分析,明确可表征甘薯茎叶徒长的田间指标。结果表明,不同品种耐氮性不同,徒长程度亦明显不同,其中徐薯32和广薯87为较耐氮品种,在高氮下产量较高,徒长程度轻;济薯25和济薯18居中;紫罗兰对氮肥最为敏感,极易徒长。根据田间测定指标的相关分析、主成分分析和灰色关联度分析结果表明,甘薯植株栽后50天主茎第三节间长和第三片展开叶叶柄长可有效反映收获期地上部鲜重,主茎第一节间长、第二节间长和第三片展开叶叶柄长可有效反映收获期T/R值,栽后50天主茎第三片展开叶叶柄长可作为茎叶徒长的表征指标。本研究可为甘薯生产提供耐肥品种,同时为控制徒长的适宜时机提供判断指标。We studied the nitrogen tolerance and vine overgrowth of sweet potato varieties Jishu 18,Violet,Jishu 25,Xushu 32 and Guangshu 87 treated with no nitrogen( N0),120 kg/hm^2( N1) and 240 kg/hm^2( N2) of pure nitrogen treatments under field conditions. The growth indexes of stems and leaves aboveground were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis,and the field characteristic indicators of vine overgrowth of sweet potatoes were confirmed. The results revealed that different varieties had different levels of nitrogen tolerance and vine overgrowth. Compared with the other varieties,Xushu 32 and Guangshu 87 were more resistant to nitrogen evidenced by their higher yield and lower vine overgrowth degree under high nitrogen levels.Jishu 25 and Jishu 18 exhibited moderate nitrogen tolerance,whereas Violet demonstrated extreme sensitivity to nitrogen with high overgrowth degree. The correlation,principal component,and gray correlation analysesof the field indicators showed that the third internode length and the petiole length of the third unfolded leaf of the main stem on the 50 th day after planting could effectively reflect the fresh weight aboveground at harvest stage. The first and second internode lengths and the petiole length of the third unfolded leaf of the main stem could reflect the T/R value at harvest stage. The petiole length of the third unfolded leaf of the main stem on the 50 th day after planting could be used as a characteristic indicator of vine overgrwoth. This study provided references for screening fertilizer-tolerant varieties and judging the suitable time for controlling the vine overgrowth of sweet potato.

关 键 词：甘薯 氮肥 茎叶徒长 表征指标 

分 类 号：S531.01[农业科学—作物学]