长期有机肥与化肥配施对渭北旱塬苹果园水分生产力和土壤有机碳含量影响的定量模拟  

Quantitative simulation of the effect of long-term organic manure and chemical fertilizer application on water productivity and soil organic carbon contents of apple orchards in Weibei Highland

作　　者：彭星星 郭正[2] 张玉娇[1] 李军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第1期33-43,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：陕西省农业科技创新与攻关项目(K2015NY134)资助

摘　　要：【目的】利用数学模拟方法研究了长周期有机肥与化肥配施对渭北旱塬苹果园产量和深层土壤水分利用的影响。【方法】采用Win EPIC模型定量模拟研究了1965—2009年期间洛川苹果园在6种有机肥与化肥配施处理下苹果产量、0—15 m土层土壤水分和有机碳含量的响应动态。在施肥总量均为N 360 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 180kg/hm^2的基础上,设置6种猪粪和氮磷化肥投入比例:M0(单施化肥)、M1(1/5腐熟猪粪)、M2(2/5腐熟猪粪)、M3(3/5腐熟猪粪)、M4(4/5腐熟猪粪)和M5(单施腐熟猪粪)。调查了每年11月份果园各处理0—15 m土层土壤有机碳和有效水分含量以及果园产量,模拟值与观测值相一致,并利用数学模型进行了长周期变化动态模拟。【结果】通过模型数据库组建、生长参数修订和模拟精度验证,表明Win EPIC模型能够较准确地模拟洛川苹果园产量和土壤水分利用响应,可用于渭北旱塬不同施肥处理下苹果园水分生产力模拟研究;在1965~2009年模拟研究期间,各施肥处理下苹果园果品产量随树龄增长呈现出前期急速增加后期波动降低,土壤含水量波动性下降,土壤有机碳呈逐渐积累的趋势。与M0相比,施用有机肥处理M1、M2、M3、M4和M5分别增产5.2%、9.8%、10.3%、1.3%和–6.6%,M3处理产量最高,其42年年均产量为30.98 t/hm^2;M1~M5果园土壤有效含水量分别较M0提高4.3%、6.2%、5.9%、9.0%和9.8%,其中M5处理保墒效果最优,0—15 m土层土壤有效含水量45年均值为1339 mm;M0~M5处理下苹果园0—15 m土层土壤湿度垂直变化剧烈,土壤干层出现时间分别为13年生、14年生、15年生、15年生、16年生和16年生,干层最大深度均达到11 m;6个施肥处理的0—500 cm土层土壤有机碳含量45年均值为6.43、7.68、7.97、8.67、8.71和8.78 g/kg,随着有机肥施用比例增加而提高,M1、M2、M3、M4和M5处理土壤有机碳含量分别较M0提高19.4%、24.0%、34.8%、35.4%和36.4%;�[Objectives] Effects of long-term application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on yield and the use efficiency of deep layer soil water in rain-fed apple orchards in Weibei Highland were studied.[Methods] WinEPIC model was applied to quantitatively simulate the dynamic response of apple yields, soil water contents in 0-15 m soil layer and the contents of soil organic carbon with 6 combinations of organic manure and chemical fertilizers in the apple orchard of Luochuan during the period from 1965 to 2009. On the base of total input of N 360 kg/hm^2 and P2O5 180 kg/hm^2, six ratio of pig manure addition treatments were designed as following： M0 （chemical fertilizer）, M1 （1/5 decomposed pig manure）, M2 （2/5 decomposed pig manure）, M3 （3/5 decomposed pig manure）, M4 （4/5 decomposed pig manure）, and M5 （single decomposed pig manure）. The orchard apple yields, the organic carbon and available water contents in the 0-15 m depth of soil layer were investigated in November of each year; the simulated values were correlated with the observed values, and its long-term dynamics were simulated with the model.[Results] Through establishment of the local database, revision of apple growth parameters and model verification, the WinEPIC model can accurately simulate responses of apple yields and soil water use in apple orchards with different fertilization treatments in Luochuan, and can be used to simulate water productivity of apple orchards under different fertilization treatments in Weibei Highland. During the simulation study period of 1965 to 2009, with the increase of tree age, the apple orchard yield showed a trend that increasing rapidly in the early stage and reducing fluctuantly later; meanwhile, the soil moisture content showed a fluctuant downward trend and soil organic carbon content revealed an increasing tendency. Compared with M0, the apple orchard yields of other five treatments were increased by 5.2%, 9.8%, 10.3%, 1.3% and -6.6% respectively. The apple yield of M3 was the hig

关 键 词：渭北旱塬 苹果园 施肥 土壤含水量 土壤有机碳 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S661.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]