有机物覆盖对核桃园土壤有机碳库及酶活性的影响  

Effects of organic mulching on soil organic carbon pool and soil enzyme activity in walnut orchard

作　　者：孙萌 刘洋 李寒 李保国 齐国辉 张雪梅 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院/河北省林木种质资源与森林保护重点实验室,河北保定071000 [2]河北省核桃工程技术研究中心,河北临城054300

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2018年第1期270-278,共9页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家林业行业公益专项(201504408);河北省科技支撑计划项目(16236810D)资助

摘　　要：【目的】地面覆盖是重要的地面管理措施,简单省力,不仅可以提高土壤肥力,还可以促进土壤微域生态系统的可持续发展。研究核桃园有机物覆盖对土壤有机碳库及酶活性的影响,可为推广有机覆盖管理措施提供理论依据。【方法】基于核桃园连年有机物覆盖试验,采用随机区组设计,以不覆盖为对照,研究了地面覆盖有机肥、碎木屑后,土壤有机碳库、碳库管理及酶活性的变化及三者间的关系。【结果】1)有机物覆盖处理提高了土壤各有机碳组分含量,随着土层的加深效应下降,覆盖有机肥效果优于覆盖碎木屑。在0—20 cm土层,覆盖有机肥处理的总有机碳含量、可溶性有机碳含量及易氧化有机碳含量分别为对照的1.66倍、1.33倍、6.99倍,覆盖碎木屑处理的稳定性有机碳含量为对照的1.42倍。2)有机物覆盖处理在一定程度上提高了土壤碳库活度、碳库活度指数、碳库指数及碳库管理指数,随土层的加深处理间差异减小。在0—80 cm土层,覆盖有机肥处理的碳库活度及碳库活度指数为对照的2.9~5.9倍,覆盖碎木屑处理的为对照的1.3~2.5倍;覆盖有机肥处理的碳库指数为对照的1.1~1.7倍,覆盖碎木屑处理的为对照的1.1~1.5倍;覆盖有机肥处理的碳库管理指数是对照的3.3~9.8倍,覆盖碎木屑处理的为对照的1.6~2.8倍。3)有机物覆盖处理提高了核桃生长期内的土壤过氧化氢酶活性、中性蛋白酶活性、脲酶活性和纤维素酶活性,覆盖有机肥处理的提高幅度为4.2%~103.0%,覆盖碎木屑的提高幅度为3.5%~47.3%。4)土壤总有机碳含量与碳库指数、碳库活度指数、碳库管理指数均呈显著正相关,土壤脲酶活性、土壤纤维素酶活性与土壤总有机碳含量、可溶性有机碳含量及易氧化有机碳含量呈极显著正相关。【结论】地面覆盖有机肥、碎木屑可以提高核桃园土壤的碳库活度及土壤酶活性。[Objectives] This study investigated the effects of within-row organic mulching on soil organic carbon pool and soil enzyme activity to establish an effective soil management practice in walnut （Juglans regia L.） orchards and provide theoretical basis for the promotion of soil nutrients.[Methods] A field trail with a random block design was carried out in walnut orchards with non-mulching block as control. The effects of mulching on soil organic carbon pool and soil enzyme activity and their relationship were studied.[Results] 1） Organic mulching increased soil organic carbon contents and the effect decreased from surface to deep soil layers. The effect of manure mulching was better than that of wood chip mulching. In 0-20 cm soil layer, the contents of total organic carbon, dissolvable organic carbon, readily oxidizable organic carbon in treatment of manure mulching were 1.66 times, 1.33 times and 6.99 times of those in control, respectively. The soil stable organic carbon content in treatment of wood chip mulching was 1.42 times of that in control. 2） Organic material mulching could increase the carbon pool activity, carbon pool activity index, carbon pool index and carbon pool management index, and the difference among treatments became smaller from surface soil layer to deep soil layers. From top to 80 cm deep of soil, the carbon pool activity and carbon pool activity index in manure mulching treatment were 2.9 to 5.9 times of those in control, and those in wood chips mulching treatment were 1.3 to 2.5 times of those in control. The carbon pool index in manure mulching treatment was 1.1 to 1.7 times of that in control, and in wood chips mulching was 1.1 to 1.5 times of that in control. The carbon pool management index of manure mulching treatment was 3.3 to 9.8 times of that in control, and the same index of wood chips mulching was 1.6 to 2.8 times of that in control. 3） Mulching with organic materials increased the soil enzyme activity. The increase range in manure mulching treatment was 4.2% to 10

关 键 词：有机物覆盖 核桃 有机碳 碳库管理 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S154[农业科学—农业基础科学] S664.1