一起中学诺如病毒感染暴发疫情  

An Outbreak of Norovirus Related Acute Gastroenteritis in High School

作　　者：杨才彬[1] 贺云锋[1] 张颖聪 陈文伟[1] 任书华[1] 张小鹏 

机构地区：[1]成都市疾病预防控制中心,成都610000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2018年第2期219-221,共3页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的对1起中学诺如病毒聚集性胃肠炎进行流行病学分析,探讨病例定义方法,查找病原和传播因素,有效控制疫情蔓延。方法通过现场流行病学方法并开展病例对照调查了解发病状况和可疑的传播途径,采取病例肛拭子、饮水等进行PCR检测和常规致病菌检测。结果 2014-10-21/23该校出现急性胃肠炎学生病例42例,罹患率为2.1%,疫情历时3 d,分布在7个班级,男女比例1∶1.1,3例病例诺如病毒核酸检测GⅡ型阳性,20日晚餐为危险因素。结论该学校疫情为诺如病毒GⅡ型感染的暴发疫情,20日晚餐为可疑暴发因素;诺如病毒感染疫情不适用感染性腹泻进行定义;学校和托幼机构等人群聚集场所易暴发诺如病毒胃肠炎,采取病人隔离、规范饮食饮水、消毒等措施能有效控制疫情。Objective To explore the epidemiological process of norovirus related acute gastroenteritis based on an outbreak of norovirus related acute gastroenteritis in a high school. Methods The epidemiological survey and case-control study were used to investigate the disease prevalence and the potential transmission route with the PCR and pathogen detection on anal swab samples and drinking water. Results The were 42 cases of acute gastroenteritis distributed in 7 classes from 21 to 23 October 2014 and the proportion of male to female was 1 ∶1. 1. There were 3 positive cases of norovirus（ type GⅡ）. The dinner on the 20 October night was the high risk factor. Conclusion This outbreak was caused by norovirus type GⅡon 20 October night with potential high risk factor. The infectious diarrhea was not applicable for the outbreak of norovirus related acute gastroenteritis. If the outbreak of norovirus related gastroenteritis occurs in public places as schools and kindergartens,the measures of disease control will be effective including isolation of patients,clear water and food and disinfection.

关 键 词：诺如病毒 胃肠炎 暴发疫情 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]