类短命植物猪牙花夏眠期地下芽分化与生长节律  

Study on morphological differentiation and growth rhythm of underground buds of spring ephemeroid plant Erythronium japonicum during summer dormancy

作　　者：刘雪莲 杨允菲[2] 朱俊义 秦佳梅 孙忠林 张力凡 

机构地区：[1]通化师范学院生命科学学院,吉林通化134002 [2]东北师范大学草地科学研究所植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期67-72,共6页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31472134)

摘　　要：【目的】对长白山早春类短命植物猪牙花地下芽形态建成进行显微观察,并测定不同时期芽体大小,揭示其个体发育规律。【方法】采用解剖镜、石蜡切片、扫描电镜技术对猪芽花地下芽发生发育形态特征进行观察研究,采用游标卡尺定期测定芽体大小,研究地下芽生长发育节律。【结果】5月中旬地上部分枯萎后,鳞茎开始地下芽的分化,其分化进程为叶片分化期、花原基分化期、花被分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期5个时期,整个分化历经1个半月左右,形态分化完成后芽体继续生长发育,最终形成花蕾进入冬眠。整个夏眠期地下芽随时间的进程呈极显著(P<0.01)的指数函数形式伸长和增粗;芽长与芽径之间呈极显著(P<0.01)的幂函数异速生长关系。【结论】猪牙花鳞茎于盛花期完成更新生长,夏眠期鳞茎不休眠而进行地下芽的分化和发育。地下芽生长具有阶段性优先伸长或增粗的异速生长节律。【Objective】In this paper,Erythronium japonicum,a spring ephemeroid plant from the Changbai Mountains,China,was used as a study species for the morphological differentiation and growth of underground buds,to reveal the individual development pattern in summer dormancy.【Method】The bulbs of E.japonicum were collected at regular intervals in the growing season and during summer dormancy.Then,bulbs were fixed in formalin-acetic acid-alcohol（FAA）.Underground bud organogenesis and growth rhythms were observed and studied using ananatomical lens,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,and paraffin method.【Result】Our results showed that the bulbs of E.japonicum were renewed in the full-blossom period.The aboveground parts wither from mid to the end of May.Instead of becoming dormant,the bulbs continue to grow,producing flowers and leaves.Aboveground floral morphogenesis was completed by the end of June.The underground bud differentiation of E.japonicum went through five stages,including leaf primordia differentiation,flower primordia differentiation,perianth primordia differentiation,stamen primordia differentiation,and pistil primordia differentiation.The whole process took approximately 1.5 months.When the buds finished morphogenesis,they continuedin underground growth,and went into dormancy with the mature flower formed.During the entire summer dormancy,the buds grew in length and diameter following an exponential model.Allometric analyses of growth rates in length and diameter indicated that diameter increased at a slower rate than length overall.【Conclusion】The bulbs of E.japonicumwere renewed in the full-blossom period.They did not undergo dormancy,but rather completed the underground bud morphogenesis.Growth of bud length and diameter in E.japonicum followed the exponential model with significantly slower rates in the early organogenesis stages and faster rates before winter dormancy.There was a significant allometric relationship with periodicincreases in elongation and diameter increase.

关 键 词：类短命植物 猪牙花 地下芽 形态分化 异速生长 夏眠 

分 类 号：Q94-3[生物学—植物学]