岩爆动力学机理及其控制研究进展  

A review of dynamic mechanism and controlling of rockburst

作　　者：严鹏[1,2] 陈拓 卢文波[1,2] 谢良涛 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学水工岩石力学教育部重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2018年第1期1-14,26,共15页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家十三五重点专项课题(编号:2016YFC0401802);国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(编号:51125037);国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:51179138;51479147)

摘　　要：岩爆是深埋隧洞开挖过程中发生的一种强烈的、具有破坏性和危险性的工程地质灾害.随着中国经济的快速发展,在水电、交通等领域遇到的深埋隧洞开挖问题越来越多,岩爆的影响日益显著.从动力扰动对岩爆孕育的影响、岩爆能量释放及耗散等2方面对岩爆的动力学机理进行了梳理;从室内动力试验、现场模拟试验、数值实验等3个方面总结了国内外的岩爆动力学试验;从微震监测、岩爆诱发振动的特性等2个方面归纳了岩爆动力效应监测与预报;提出应力解除爆破、控制应变能释放率、控制开挖动力扰动、柔性支护等4类基于岩爆动力机制的岩爆防治措施.并对岩爆过程的能量分配与控制、现场岩爆试验及岩爆预测进行了讨论与展望.Rockburst is an engineering geological hazard during deep cavern excavation which is intense,disruptive and dangerous.The Chinese economy is developing rapidly and it has led to more and more problems such as rockburst during deep cavern excavation in the hydropower,transportation and other fields.By reviewing the development history and the state-of-art,the kinetic mechanism of rockburst is summarized from the influence of dynamic disturbance on rockburst and the release and dissipation of energy;a summary of kinetic experiments of rockburst at home and abroad is made from indoor kinetic experiments,site simulation test and numerical experiments;the monitoring and forecasting of dynamic effect of rockburst are summarized from microseismic monitoring and characteristics of rockburst-induced seismicity;the rockburst controlling measures are put forward based on its kinetic mechanism;the measures contain stress-relief blasting,controlling the ERR（Energy Release Rate）,controlling excavation kinetic disturbance and flexible supports.Furthermore,the main problems needed to be researched in energy distribution and control during rockburst,site rockburst test and rockburst prediction are discussed.

关 键 词：岩爆 动力机制 岩爆防治 

分 类 号：TV542[水利工程—水利水电工程]