中国典型山地植被垂直地带性特征及其影响要素  

The characteristic of vegetation vertical zonality and the influential factors in typical mountains in China

作　　者：胡实[1] 赵茹欣 贾仰文[3] 牛存稳[3] 刘梁美子 占车生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100101

出　　处：《自然杂志》2018年第1期12-16,共5页Chinese Journal of Nature

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB452701)资助

摘　　要：山地的地形特征影响其气候特性,使山地植被呈现显著的垂直地带性分异。对中国典型山地——太行山、横断山和喀斯特山地的研究表明:3个典型山地降雨的垂直地带性差异较大,北太行山迎风坡存在两个最大降雨高度,横断山最大降雨高度位于其背风坡上,而喀斯特山区没有明显的最大降雨高度。植被分布沿海拔梯度表现出较大共性:低海拔地区主要为耕地和灌丛;随着海拔的升高,针叶林和阔叶林的比例逐渐增加,植被覆盖度达到峰值;高海拔地区则主要被高山草甸或冰雪带所占据。水分是限制太行山低海拔地区植被生长的主要因子,而高海拔地区植被生长则主要受温度限制;横断山和喀斯特地区降雨充沛,植被生长主要受温度影响。The terrain features of the mountains affect its climatic characteristics, making the vegetation show significant vertical zonality heterogeneity. Based on the analyzing of the climatic factor and vegetation growth in three typical mountains-Taihang mountain, Hengduan mountain and Karst mountain in China, it was found that the vertical zonality of rainfall was different among the three mountains. There were two maximum height of rainfall on the windward side of the nothern Taihang mountain, while the maximum height of rainfall was on the leeward slope of Hengduan mountain. As for Karst mountain, however, the maximum height of rainfall was not obvious. The distribution of vegetation along the elevation revealed come commonalities： Cultivated land and thickets were dominated in low-altitude area. The proportions of coniferous and broad-leaved forest increased gradually with elevation in where vegetation coverage reached its peak. Alpine meadow and ice-snow zone mainly appeared in high-altitude area. Water was the main factor limited vegetation growth in low-altitude area of Taihang mountain, and the vegetation condition in high altitude area is mainly restricted by temperature. Rainfall was adequate in Hengdu mountain and Karst areas, the vegetation growth was therefore mainly affected by temperature.

关 键 词：地形 气候因子 植被 垂直地带性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]