论戴维森的整体主义真理理论  

On Davidson’s Holistic Theory of Truth

作　　者：张燕京[1] 穆青 

机构地区：[1]河北大学政法学院哲学系

出　　处：《河北学刊》2018年第2期35-41,共7页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2014年度国家社会科学基金项目《达米特与戴维森意义理论及其对当代逻辑学和哲学的影响之比较研究》(14BZX073)

摘　　要：自19世纪末、20世纪初现代逻辑建立新的语言分析方法以来,诸多学者对传统的真之符合论予以批评。戴维森并非是要全盘否定传统的真之符合论。他承认传统的真之符合论中的＂符合＂的直觉,却不满足于其对于＂符合＂概念的说明。他认为,一个句子为真表达了一种语言与世界的关系,但反对以＂事实＂这一含混的概念作为这种关系的承担者。他还认为真值是一个句子为真或为假的属性,但不同意将语句从语言整体中割裂开来。戴维森提出,一个句子为真,实际上是指：一个特定的说话者,在特定时间,所说出的这个句子为真。由此,他建立了关于句子、说话者和时间的三位谓词：Ts,u,t。戴维森运用塔尔斯基的满足概念完成了对于＂符合＂关系的说明,提出了一种新的符合论真理的一般理论形式。戴维森所倡导建立的真之符合论本质上是一种融贯的真理理论,是一种同语言语境相符合的真理理论,因此是一种整体主义真理理论。他运用语言分析方法构建新的真理理论,堪称语言哲学研究的典范。Since the end of nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, the modern log- ic has established a new method of language analysis, and many scholars have criticized the traditional correspondence theory of truth. Davidson does not completely deny the correspondence theory of truth. He admits the ＂consistent＂ intuition of the correspondence theory of truth, but he is not satisfied with its ex- planation of the concept of ＂correspondence＂. He thinks that a sentencej being true is a relationship be- tween the language and the world, but he does not agree with the ＂fact＂ to take this relationship. He a- grees that truth value is a property of a sentence, but does not agree to separate the sentence from the lan- guage as a whole. Davidson puts forward that a sentence ~ being true means that the sentence, which is spoken by a specific speaker at a given time, is true, and he established the three predicates theory to ex- press a sentence＇ being true, with the sentence, the speaker and the time： Ts, u, t. Davidson used Tar- ski＇ concept ＂compliance＂ to describe the ＂correspondence＂ relationship, and construct a new general theoretical form of correspondence theory of truth. The correspondence theory of truth that he advocates is essentially a kind of coherence theory of truth, which emphasizes conforming to the linguistic context, and so it is a holistic theory of truth. His constructing the new theory of truth by the language analysis can be described as a model for the study of language philosophy.

关 键 词：真 符合论 戴维森 整体主义真理理论 

分 类 号：B81-06[哲学宗教—逻辑学]