旅游地社区居民生活质量评估——检验多重差异理论的适用性  

Residents' Quality of Life in Tourist Destinations:A Confirmatory Study on Multiple Discrepancies Theory

作　　者：梁增贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学旅游学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2018年第2期38-47,共10页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"旅游发展对城市社会空间及生活质量的影响机制与调控研究"(41301146);联合国世界旅游组织旅游可持续发展观测点管理与监测中心共同资助~~

摘　　要：过往研究通过对多个具体生活质量领域的评估来衡量总体生活质量,找出生活质量的"短板"领域,并针对性地制定改善方案。然而,社区居民对总体生活质量的评价有时并不来源于具体领域,而是依据对各种"参考标准"之间比较差距的衡量。基于此,Michalos提出了多重差异理论(multiple discrepancies theory),并在生活质量研究中广泛发展。文章基于多重差异理论,以河南焦作云台山周边社区为例,分别于2014年和2015年开展问卷调查,收集435和394个有效样本,实证检验该理论在中国旅游情境中的适用性。研究表明,多重差异理论在评测居民生活质量上具有很好的解释力。就案例而言,周边社区居民的生活状况、自己认为值得的生活状况以及过去最好的生活状况是社区居民对自己目前生活质量评价的关键参考标准。旅游发展只有在上述生活质量的比较差距中产生积极效应,居民总体生活质量才会显著提高。Tourism has increasingly become a popular option for community social and economic development. Once a community becomes a tourist destination, the daily life of community residents is changed and influenced by increasing numbers of tourists and their activities. In recent years, the topic of tourism and quality of life（QOL） has received much attention around the world. There are two broad types of indicators for measuring QOL： subjective reactions and objective indicators. Subjective wellbeing（SWB） is widely applied in tourism research, especially in studies of tourism development and local residents＇ QOL. Most studies consider SWB to be composed of several domains and have the idea that improvements in each life domain resulting from tourism development help to enhance the total QOL. However, this measurement of multiple domains still has some weaknesses, as the scope and level of tourism effects vary with the stage of tourism development, and residents may hold different values in each domain of QOL. Multiple discrepancies theory（MDT） proposes the alternative idea that total QOL is based on different comparisons and comes from perceived discrepancies between what one has now and a series of reference standards, such as what relevant others have now, what one wants, the best one has ever had, what one deserves, and so on.The purpose of this study is to explore an alternative method, based on MDT, for detecting and evaluating the influence of tourism development on residents＇ QOL. Taking Yuntai Mountain（a World Geopark in Jiaozuo, China） as a case study, two rounds of field interview surveys were conducted via questionnaires distributed to 435 and 394 local residents in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Local residents were divided into staff residents who worked for Yuntai Mountain Geopark and non-staff residents who were self-employed in the surrounding tourism business. Convenience and snowball sampling were used in the survey of staff residents, while general sampling was used in the survey

关 键 词：旅游发展 生活质量 多重差异理论 主观幸福感 云台山(焦作) 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]