厘米级空间碎片天基高灵敏度光学探测载荷  

Space-Based High Sensitive Optical Payload for LEO cm-Sized Space Debris Detection

作　　者：赵思思[1] 郑永超[1] 阮宁娟[1] 庄绪霞[1] 尚卫东[1] 张景豪 

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所

出　　处：《空间碎片研究》2017年第1期6-15,共10页Space Debris Research

摘　　要：随着人类空间探索活动的增多，太空中因人类活动造成的空间碎片数量急剧增长，这些空间碎片对在轨航天器的安全威胁日益增大。地基观测系统由于受到大气和布站范围的限制，探测能力有限。天基光学探测因不受地面限制，具有全天候、全天域、小尺度空间目标探测等优势，目前已经成为国内外研究热点。根据对空间碎片目标特性的研究，义中分析了小尺度空间碎片探测的难点，提出了基于光子级探测器的载荷方案。对载荷的关键指标进行了设计，仿真分析了载荷的探测能力，并通过与基于CCD探测器的载荷方案进行简要比较，阐述了基于光子级探测器的高灵敏度光学探测载荷的优势和未来应用方向。With the continued enhancement of human activities in space, the amount of the space debris has been increasing sharply, which has renewed concerns the long term-viability of the space environment and the resulting spacecraft security impacts. At present, space debris is mostly observed by ground-based radar and optical telescope which has the limited abilities due to the atmos- pheric effect and the restricted location of observation station. Space-based optical observations, regardless of weather and limited loca- tion, has been regarded as the most effective means to detect small size space objects and hence has attracted a large amount of atten- tion internationally. According to the object characteristics researches of space debris, this paper analyzed the detection difficulties for small size space debris. Based on this, optical payload based on photon detector was proposed and the key parameters were designed. The detection ability of the optical payload was simulated and analyzed. By comparing the detection ability, it was demonstrated that the optical payload based on photon detector had superiority and the promising application over the payload based on traditional CCD.

关 键 词：厘米级空间碎片 高灵敏度探测 被动光学探测 

分 类 号：V447.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TN229[电子电信—物理电子学]