军都山古代人群牙齿磨耗及其饮食  

Tooth wear and the related diet of the Jundushan pastoralists

作　　者：邓婉文 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国考古学研究中心,北京100871 [2]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《人类学学报》2018年第1期29-40,共12页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：2015年度国家社会科学基金项目资助(15BKG018)

摘　　要：以军都山墓地为代表的"玉皇庙文化"系中国北方青铜时代的一支具有鲜明地方特色的少数部族文化。本文对军都山墓地出土人骨牙齿标本作牙齿磨耗状况分析,试图为其饮食结构和社会经济形态的探讨提供线索。结果显示:军都山古代人群中,相同年龄组的男女两性牙齿磨耗差异不大;前部牙齿磨耗轻于后部臼齿,第一臼齿磨耗最重;臼齿磨耗样式大多呈现"正常平匀"式,臼齿磨耗角度大多较小,两者均随年龄而变化但没有显著的性别差异。经与其他样本组的对比认为军都山古代人群牙齿磨耗的特点可能与其社会经济农牧兼营的性质有关,推测动物性食物(肉食)可能在军都山古代人群主要饮食结构中占据重要比例,并包含有一定的农业经济成分。不同游牧人群牙齿磨耗程度差异较大,只有结合了磨耗形态及其他信息才有可能更切实地反映其饮食状况。Tooth wear, as part of dental anthropology, has long been studied for identifying the subsistence strategies and dietary behaviors of the ancient populations. As representatives of Yuhuangmiao Culture, the archaeological remains from Jundushan cemeteries reveal a distinct minority culture of North China in the Bronze Age. Through the study of human teeth remains from Jundushan cemeteries, the related diet of the ancient population there could be seen from their tooth wear conditions. Here comes the results from the study. Firstly, the degrees of tooth wear measured indicate no difference between male and female dentitions in the same age group. Further, data show that the molars suffer more from masticatory force and hence exhibit greater wear than the anterior teeth, while the first molars suffer most. Compared with the data collected from the other sites in North China, the mean degrees of tooth wear of the Jundushan population, ranging from 3.7- 5.3 （except for M3）, exhibit lower than that of the agriculturalists. Moreover, the mostly fiat but slightly oblique wear plane forms and angles of the molars, indicate that the Jundushan population probably lived mainly on meat, along with certain properties of plants. Referring to the rate of caries, the isotope analysis and the archaeological remains excavated from the cemeteries, it is likely that the Jundushan pastoralists lived a life of herding-agriculture mixed social economy. Tooth wear degrees may vary from different nomadic or herding populations, according to their subsistence strategies and dietary behaviors. More information on the related diet of the ancient populations could rely on the further study of their molar wear plane forms and angles.

关 键 词：军都山 牙齿磨耗 饮食 畜牧和游牧人群 

分 类 号：Q983[生物学—人类学]