江汉平原不同土壤类型下土地利用空间结构及变化特征分析  

Research on the land use spatial structure and its change characteristics of different soil types in Jianghan Plain

作　　者：潘方杰 王宏志 李仁东[3] 王璐瑶[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学可持续发展研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所,湖北武汉430077

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期162-171,共10页Journal of Hubei University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41571487);湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2016CFA027)资助

摘　　要：以江汉平原为研究区,计算平均斑块面积、形状指数、分离度指数等表征斑块形态特征的指标,定量分析土壤类型空间分布及其与土地利用空间结构的关系和变化特征.结论如下:1)江汉平原主要土壤类型为水稻土和潮土两种耕作性土壤,二者连片性最好,聚集程度最高,斑块空间结构差异较小;地带性土壤红壤的连片性和聚集程度优于黄棕壤,其斑块形状和斑块镶嵌结构的复杂程度也较黄棕壤高.2)不同地类对土壤类型表现出不同程度的选择性,林地、草地主要分布土壤类型分别为黄棕壤和草甸土,其余各地类景观主要分布土壤类型均为水稻土和潮土;1990—2010年各地类在不同土壤类型上所占比重发生变化,变化程度差异明显,但整体分异规律不变.3)各土壤类型区地类空间结构特征相异,分离度指数变化较大,其整体分布及变化趋势与平均斑块面积一致;1990—2010年各地类斑块形态和斑块空间镶嵌结构复杂程度均不同程度增加,表明其受人类活动影响加剧,但影响程度存在差异.研究有利于深入对各地类空间结构变化过程中受自然因素影响程度差异的认识,以期为土地开发利用提供参考.A case study was carried out in Jianghan Plain by calculating some indices that characterized the index of patch,such as average patch area,landscape shape index and separation index,to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution of soil types and its relationship and change characteristics with land use spatial structure. The results are as follows： 1） The major arable soil types in Jianghan Plain are paddy soil and fluvoaquic,and they both have the best connectivity and aggregation degree,and the spatial structure differences of patches are small. The zonal soil mainly consisted of red soil and yellow brown soil. The connectivity and aggregation degree of the former are better than the later,and the patch shape and the complexity of patch mosaic structure are even higher at the same time. 2） Different land use types reveal different selectively to different soil types to some degree. The woodland and grassland mainly distributed in yellow brown soil and meadow soil respectively,while the other land use types mainly distributed in paddy soil and fluvo-aquic. The proportion of land use types distributed in different soil types had changed and the change degree was differentobviously from 1990 to 2010,but the overall variation remained the same. 3） The characteristics of spatial structure were different and the change of separation index was obvious in different soil types,and the overall distribution and change trend were consistent with the average patch area. From 1990 to 2010,the patch shape and the complexity of patch mosaic structure of land use types were increased differently to some degree that showed increased influence by human activities,but the degree of influence is different. This research improves our understanding of the difference,affected by natural factors,in the process of the spatial structure change of land use types,and so as to provide reference for the development and utilization of land use types.

关 键 词：土壤类型 土地利用 空间结构 变化特征 江汉平原 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]