灌溉方式、水肥用量和EM菌剂对铁皮石斛生长及品质的影响  

Effects of Irrigation Methods, Water and Fertilizer Application Amount and EM Antibiotics on Growth and Quality of Dendrobium Candidum

作　　者：缪其松 张燕燕[1] 魏猷刚 广建芳 张聪[2] 邵孝侯[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京市蔬菜科学研究所,南京210095 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2018年第2期1-5,71,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(2016B42414)

摘　　要：【目的】确定铁皮石斛人工大批量种植高效水肥管理模式。【方法】在降低水肥供应至当地施肥水平的75%和55%,且添加EM菌剂条件下,比较了喷灌和滴灌2种灌溉方式对铁皮石斛组培苗生长及品质的影响。【结果】在外源EM菌剂作用下,合理的灌溉方式与适当的水肥供应量能显著促进铁皮石斛的生长及品质的提高。在相同水肥供给条件下,滴灌处理除总生物碱量外,其他各指标均显著优于喷灌处理;在滴灌条件下,当水肥供应量减少到75%时,铁皮石斛具有更高的产量和更优的品质,尤其在添加了EM菌剂后,各指标最优,综合效果最好;当水肥供应量降低到55%时,显著抑制了铁皮石斛的生长,降低了其产量和品质,且添加EM菌剂后改善效果不显著,比100%水肥供应时效果差。【结论】使用滴灌、75%水肥供应及添加EM菌剂是一种高效的水肥管理方法。【Objective】Determine the high-quality water and fertilizer management model of Dendrobium officinale.【Method】The growth and quality of Dendrobium candidum were compared under the condition of reducing the supply of water and fertilizer to 75% and 55% and adding EM fungi.【Result】The results showed that the reasonable irrigation method and the appropriate water and fertilizer supply could significantly promote the growth and quality of Dendrobium candidum under the action of exogenous EM bacteria. In the same water and fertilizer supply conditions, the use of drip irrigation treatment, in addition to the difference in total alkaloid content was not significant, and the other indicators were significantly better than those of the sprinkler irrigation. In the use of drip irrigation condition, when the water supply was reduced to 75%, Dendrobium had better yield,quality, especially in the presence of EM agents, and had the best index and the highest rate of profit. When further downed the water and pertilizer supply to 55%, it significantly inhibited the growth of Dendrobium candidum and reduced the yield and quality, and EM agent had no significant effect, which were worse than 100% water and fertilizer supply.【Conclusion】Adding EM bacteria with the suppy of 75% water and fertilizer under drop irrigation is an efficient method for water and fertilizer management.

关 键 词：喷灌 滴灌 EM菌剂 品质 产量 石斛 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]