从清代清水江地区的社会变迁看当地权利观念的形成  

On the Study of the Formation of Local Rights Concept from the Social Changes of Qingshui River Area in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：钟一苇 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《河北法学》2018年第2期152-161,共10页Hebei Law Science

摘　　要：贵州黔东南清水江地区自古以来被视作边陲之地,清代以降,随着林业经济的兴起与繁荣,以及汉文化的传入与冲击,当地社会历经了巨大变迁。其社会组织由"氏族组织"转变为"宗族组织";财产的所有权由"公有制"转变为"私有制";而契约本身则历经从"口头约定"到"书面契约"的演变过程。在社会组织的变迁过程中,当地社会成员间的人身财产关系由以"身份"为纽带转变为以"契约"为中心来调整。代表着家族的"权力"逐步被削弱,代表着个人的"权利"则逐渐得以彰显,使蕴含在契约背后的权利观念得以形成。在财产所有权的变迁过程中,私有制的确立,确认了所有权人对其私有财产所享有的权利,为当地居民权利观念的形成提供了有力的保障。在契约本身的变迁过程中,契约更具备合意的性质,其长期而稳定的效力,为当地居民权利的实现提供了稳定的预期。The Qingshui River area in Guizhou,Qiandongnan has been regarded as a frontier area since ancient times. In Qing Dynasty,with the grown up and prosperity of forestry economy and the introduction of Chinese culture,its society has undergone tremendous changes. The social organization changed from ＂clan organization ＂to＂patriarchal clan organization＂; The ownership of property is changed from＂public ownership＂to＂private ownership＂; The contract itself has undergone the evolution from ＂oral stipulation＂to ＂written contract＂. In the process of social organization change,the personal property relationship between the members of the local society is changed from ＂identity ＂ to ＂contract ＂ as the center. The ＂power ＂ which represents the family is gradually being weakened, and personal ＂rights ＂ are gradually manifested,to make the concept of rights embedded in the contract. In the process of property ownership change, the establishment of private ownership confirms the owner ＇s right to property,and provides a powerful guarantee for the formation of the concept of rights. In the course of contract change,contracts are more agreeable. Its long term and stable effect provides a stable expectation for the realization of the rights of the local residents.

关 键 词：清水江文书 权利观念的形成 社会组织变迁 财产所有制 契约 

分 类 号：D909.2[政治法律—法学理论]