山区公路纵坡段驾驶人脚操纵特征及驾驶负荷  

Foot Manoeuvres and Workload of Driver on Mountainous Roads with Longitudinal Slopes

作　　者：徐进[1,2] 汪旭[2] 王灿[2] 邵毅明[2] 马兆有 

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学交通运输工程重庆市重点实验室,重庆400074 [2]重庆交通大学交通运输学院,重庆400074 [3]道路交通安全公安部重点实验室,江苏无锡214151

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2018年第1期91-100,共10页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51278514;51678099);道路交通安全公安部重点实验室开放基金项目(2017ZDSYSKFKT08)

摘　　要：为证实山区道路纵坡参数与驾驶人生理指标之间的相关性,明晰纵坡路段参数影响驾驶负荷的内在机制,在3条山区双车道公路上开展了小客车实车驾驶试验,采集道路纵坡参数、真实驾驶习惯条件下的驾驶人心电信号、加速踏板力和制动踏板力。基于实测数据,描述制动和加速踏板力幅值的分布特性,分析坡度值对踏板力的影响;探讨加速踏板力、制动踏板力与心率增长率H之间的关联度,并建立H与踏板力之间的回归模型,最终从体力和精神负担两方面揭示了纵坡路段驾驶负荷的形成机制。研究结果表明:制动踏板力的均值和特征分位值均高于加速踏板力,对应最高使用频率的制动踏板力幅值也高于加速踏板力,即下坡路段踩踏板操作的体力负荷更大;踏板力与H正相关,其中下坡制动踏板力与H之间的相关性更强,表明下坡路段尤其是陡坡路段的踏板操作更容易导致精神负担;当踏板力超过某幅值之后,部分驾驶人的H对踏板力的增加变得敏感;对纵坡单元各被试驾驶人的H和踏板力数据取均值,发现在消除驾驶人的个体差异之后,H踏板力的相关性变得更高。To validate the correlation between vertical alignment parameters of mountainous roads and physiological signals of the driver,and clarity the mechanism of parameters of the sloped section affecting driver＇s workload,the vehicle driving test on three two-lane mountainous roads with longitudinal slopes were carried out. The geometric parameters of slopes,drivers＇ electrocardiogram as well as accelerator and brake pedal force under naturalistic driving habits were collected.The distribution of pedal force was obtained,and the effect of grade change on pedal force was analyzed based on the measured data.Then the correlation between pedal force and heart rate increase（H）were confirmed respectively for uphill and downhill sections,and the regression model of H as a function of pedal force was established.The mechanism of driver＇sworkload on slopes was revealed from both physical and mental burden perspective.The results show that the mean and characteristics percentile of brake pedal force are higher than that of accelerator pedal force,and brake pedal force corresponding to the highest frequency of use is greater than the magnitude of the accelerator pedal force,which indicating greater physical load brought by pedal operation on downhill.Moreover,pedal force is positively correlated with H,and His more relevant to the brake pedal force on downhill,indicating that the operation related to brake pedal on downhill,especially the steep downhill,is more prone to producing mental burden.Furthermore,when the pedal force exceeds a certain magnitude,some driver＇s H value becomes sensitive to the increase in pedal force.Last but not the least,after averaging the pedal force and H data of every subjects on each slope（eliminating individual differences of different drivers）,the mean of His more relevant to the mean of pedal force.

关 键 词：交通工程 山区公路 实车驾驶试验 驾驶负荷 纵坡路段 脚操纵 踏板力 心率增长率 

分 类 号：U491.2[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]