公交车使用废食用油制生物柴油的污染物排放及VOCs成分谱  

Pollutant Emissions from Diesel Buses Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil Based Biodiesel

作　　者：胡志远[1] 林骠骑 黄成[2,3] 王红丽 景盛翱[2,3] 楼狄明 

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201804 [2]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [3]国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室,上海200233

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第2期626-632,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：上海市科委科技攻关计划项目(16DZ1203001);上海市科委青年基金项目(15ZR1434700)

摘　　要：以国三、国五柴油公交车为研究对象,在重型底盘测功机上运行中国典型城市公交循环,分析了国三、国五柴油公交车使用柴油、废食用油制生物柴油-柴油混合燃料(B10)的污染物排放及VOCs成分谱.结果表明:国五公交车的THC、CO、PM和固态PM2.5数量排放比国三公交车分别降低39.3%、19.9%、77.4%和28.4%,NO_x升高31.7%;国三、国五公交车排放的VOCs主要为烷烃、烯烃和含氧化合物,国五公交车的烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、含氧化合物等VOCs排放较低,其VOCs大气反应活性降低,二次有机气溶胶的生成潜势较弱.与使用柴油比较,国三(国五)公交车使用B10的THC、CO、PM和固态PM2.5数量排放降低;国三公交车的NO_x排放增加,国五公交车的NOx排放降低;国三(国五)公交车使用B10的VOCs成分谱中含氧化合物降低,烯烃增加,VOCs大气反应活性增强.Two diesel buses respectively certified to meet China Ⅲ and China Ⅴ emission standards were used as prototype vehicles,fixed on a heavy-duty chassis dynamometer and driven according to a typical city bus driving cycle to analyze the pollutant emissions and volatile organic compounds（ VOCs）. The buses were fueled with diesel and waste cooking oil based biodiesel with 10 vol% blend ratio（ B10）. The emissions of total hydrocarbon（ THC）,CO,particulate matter（ PM）,and the number of solid particles with a diameter of 23 nm to 2. 5 μm（ referred to as＂solid particulate number of PM2. 5＂） from the bus certified to meet China Ⅴ（ referred to as ＂China V bus＂） were 39. 3%,19. 9%,77. 4%,and 28. 4% lower than those from the other bus certified to meet China Ⅲ（ referred to as＂China Ⅲ bus＂）,while NOxemissions were 31. 7% higher. Moreover,alkanes,alkenes,aromatic hydrocarbons,and oxygenated compounds in VOCs emitted from the China V bus were lower than those emitted from the China Ⅲ bus,suggesting lower atmospheric reactivity and smaller potential of secondary organic aerosol formation. Compared with the emission results of two dieselfueled buses,the B10-fueled buses emitted smaller amounts of THC,CO,PM,and solid particulate number of PM2. 5,lower oxygenated compounds but higher alkenes; slightly higher NOxemissions than China Ⅲ but slightly lower NOxemissions than China V.Consequently,the atmospheric reactivity of VOCs in exhaust gas from the bus fueled with B10 was higher than that from the dieselpowered bus.

关 键 词：柴油公交车 废食用油制生物柴油 污染物 VOCS 大气反应活性 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]