宁波市地表水重金属污染现状和健康风险评价  

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Human Health Risk of Surface Waters in the City of Ningbo,China

作　　者：徐美娟 鲍波 陈春燕 王永川 高夫燕 虞效益 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学宁波理工学院机电与能源工程学院,宁波315100 [2]慈溪市环境保护监测站,慈溪315300

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第2期729-737,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51406180);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY17E060003);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ15E060002)

摘　　要：为评价中国华东沿海城市地表水重金属的污染现状和潜在生态风险,以宁波为例,在城区地表水中采集了255个水样,检测了6种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn)的含量水平,计算了重金属的健康风险指数和致癌风险指数.结果表明,宁波市地表水中重金属平均浓度的大小顺序为:Zn>Pb>Cr>Ni>Cd>Cu;有3种重金属超过国标GB 3838-2002中的Ⅴ类限值,且严重顺序为Cd>Pb>Cr,电镀废水、金属加工废弃物、交通污染物、染料和涂料废物是主要污染源.70%以上的地表水存在健康风险,镇海区和海曙区风险最高,3种潜在风险最大的重金属及顺序为:Cd>Cr>Pb.地表水对成年人和未成年人的致癌风险指数平均值分别达到临界值的17 600倍和24 800倍,且95%以上因Cr引起,人口密集的商业区致癌风险指数接近全市平均水平的2倍.宁波市地表水重金属污染严重,相关部门应当足够重视.In order to evaluate the present situation and the potential ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in the surface waters of eastern Chinese coastal cities,the city of Ningbo was used as an example. From surface waters in Ningbo,255 water samples were collected. The concentrations of six heavy metals（ Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,and Zn） were measured for the samples. The potential ecological risk of these heavy metals was evaluated by calculating health risk and cancer risk indices. The results indicate that,in the surface waters of Ningbo,the average concentrations of the six heavy metals were in the increasing order of Zn 〉Pb 〉Cr 〉Ni〉 Cd 〉Cu. Three of the heavy metal concentrations exceeded the national environmental quality standards for surface water（ GB 3838-2002,grade Ⅴ）,and the order of exceeding the standard： Cd Pb Cr. Electroplating wastewater,metal waste produced,traffic pollutant,dyes,and coatings waste were the main pollutant sources. There were some potential health risks in over 70 percent of the surface waters in Ningbo,and the surface waters of the Zhenhai and Haishu districts had the highest potential health risk. There were three major potential health risk heavy metals,and their order of increasing risk was Cd〉 Cr〉 Pb. For adults and juveniles,the average carcinogenic risk indices were 17 600 and 24 800 times the critical values,respectively. Moreover,over 95 percent of the risks were attributed to Cr. The potential carcinogenic risk index of commercial areas with dense population was nearly 2 times that of the city average. The results indicated that the state of heavy metal pollution in the surface waters of Ningbo was very serious,thus the government should pay more attention to this issue.

关 键 词：地表水 重金属 健康风险 致癌风险 华东沿海城市 宁波 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4