基于污染评价的地下水中优控污染物筛选  

Screening Method of Priority Control Pollutants in Groundwater Based on Contamination Assessment

作　　者：赵鹏[1] 何江涛[1] 王曼丽[1] 黄德亮[1] 王磊[1] 梁雨 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境工程北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第2期800-810,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201409029-2;200909038-1)

摘　　要：优控污染物的筛选是环境管理和环境质量保护的有效技术手段,快速高效地筛选识别出地下水中需要优先控制的污染物,对地下水污染防控具有重要的指导意义.为了探究一套适用于基础资料薄弱地区的优控污染物筛选体系,本文在地下水检测分析数据的基础上,运用指标分类污染评价方法,结合污染程度频率评分叠加,建立了基于污染评价的优控污染物筛选体系.将该体系应用于格尔木地区地下水中优控污染物的筛选,运用基于风险评价的优控污染物筛选体系对结果进行验证,并探讨两种体系的差异性.结果表明:格尔木地区地下水中优控污染物为TDS、总硬度、氯离子、硫酸根、钠、氟、总铁、芘、菲、铝共3类10种,与基于风险评价的地下水中优控污染物筛选结果基本一致,筛选结果具有一定的可靠性.基于风险评价的体系过程复杂,对基础资料要求较多,但具有一定的前瞻性,适用于基础资料丰富的地区;基于污染评价的体系过程简便,对基础资料要求少,但易受背景值计算的影响,更适用于污染源基础资料薄弱的地区地下水中优控污染物的筛选.Screening of priority control pollutants is an effective technical means for environmental management and environmental quality protection. Quick and efficient identification of pollutants is useful when attempting to prevent and control groundwater pollution. In order to explore a screening system for a set of priority pollutants that can be applied to regions with weak basic information,a screening method of priority pollutants based on contamination assessment is put forward in this paper. Based on the data of groundwater detection and analysis,using the evaluation method for pollution index classification,and combined with the pollution degree frequency score superposition method. The screening method of priority control pollutants in groundwater based on contamination assessment was established. This method was applied to the screening of pollutants in groundwater in the city of Golmud in Qinghai Province,China. The results were verified by using the screening system based on risk assessment,and the differences in the two systems are discussed. The results show that three categories of 10 kinds of chemical parameters,including TDS,total hardness,chloride,sulfate,sodium,fluorine,total iron,pyrene,phenanthrene,and aluminum,were determined as priority control pollutants in the Golmud region. It was consistent with the results of the screening method based on the risk assessment,and the screening results were reliable. The method based on risk assessment is complex and requires additional basic information,but it has certain foresight and is suitable for regions with abundant basic data. The method based on contamination assessment is simple and convenient and requires less abundant basic data. However,it is easily affected by background values. It is more suitable for the screening of priority control pollutants in regions with weak pollution source information.

关 键 词：地下水优控污染物 污染评价 风险评价 指标分类 环境管理 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]