氮肥施用对稻茬小麦冠层结构及产量、品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Canopy Structure Traits,Grain Yield and Quality of Wheat after Rice

作　　者：张文静[1] 江东国 黄正来[1] 周晓楠[1] 马尚宇[1] 米璐[1] 韩笑 王成雨[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部黄淮南部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/农业部华东地区作物栽培科学观测实验站/安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2018年第2期164-174,共11页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300608;2017YFD0300205);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303109-5);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B08);国家自然科学基金项目(31371566);安徽省高等学校自然科学研究项目(KJ2017A141)

摘　　要：为给安徽省沿淮稻茬小麦高产栽培的氮肥合理运筹提供理论依据,通过大田试验,选用当地小麦主栽品种济麦22(半冬性中筋品种)和烟农19(半冬性强筋品种)为材料,设置0、90、180、270和360kg·hm^(-2)5个施氮水平,分析施氮量对两种基因型小麦冠层结构、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,在0~180kg·hm^(-2)施氮范围内,随着施氮量的增加,小麦株高、叶面积指数和叶片SPAD值显著上升,群体截获更多光能,冠层截获光合有效辐射显著增加,群体透光率显著降低,冠层光谱反射率在400~725nm波段逐渐下降,在725~1 000nm逐渐上升;随着施氮量的进一步增加,360kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理的各冠层指标与270kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理之间差异未达到0.05显著水平。籽粒产量随施氮量增加呈先升后降趋势,2个小麦品种产量均以270kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理最高。穗数、穗粒数均随施氮量增加而显著提高,都以360kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理最大,但180、270和360kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理间差异较小或不显著;千粒重则表现为先升后降的趋势,以90kg·hm^(-2)施氮处理最高。小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值均随施氮量增加而逐渐提高,除2014-2015年270和360kg·hm^(-2)两个施氮处理间差异不显著外,两年不同施氮处理间均差异显著。综合高产、优质、低环境风险的选择条件,沿淮稻茬麦区小麦季氮素在180~270kg·hm^(-2)范围内偏下限施用较为适宜,强筋品种烟农19可适当提高施氮量。In order to provide the theoretical basis for nitrogen application for high yield of wheat in the regions of rice-wheat rotation along Huaihe River in Anhui province, two wheat cultivars Jimai 22 （semi-winter and mid-gluten variety） and Yannong 19（semi-winter and strong gluten variety） in An hui province were used as tested materials in this study. Five nitrogen application levels were set up （0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg· hm 2） and the effects of different nitrogen application on canopy struc- ture traits, yield and quality were analyzed in two genotypes. The results showed that in the range of0--180 kg hm-2, the plant height, leaf area index and leaf SPAD were significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen application. Wheat population intercepted more light energy, and the photo- synthetic active radiation of the canopy was significantly increased, and the light transmittance of the group was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）. The canopy reflectance decreased gradually at 400--725 nm, and gradually increased at 725- 1 000 nm. With further increase of nitrogen application, the difference of canopy indices between 360 kg · hm 2 and 270 kg · hm-2 did not reach significant level （P〈0.05）. Grain yield showed the trend increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitro- gen application and the highest yield was obtained under 270 kg ·hm-2 treatment for two cultivars. The number of spikes and grains per spike were increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application（P〈0.05） and reached the maximum under 360 kg ·hm-2 treatment, but the differences among 180 kg ·hm-2 , 270 kg · hm 2 and 360 kg ·hm-· treatments were slight or not significant（P% 0.05）. The 1000-grain weight was increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application,and the highest grain weight was achieved under 90 kg · hm-2 treatment. The protein con- tent, wet gluten content and sedimentation value of wheat grain were increased with the increase of ni- trogen

关 键 词：小麦 氮素 冠层结构 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]