美国环境健康风险评估法律制度研究  

Study on Legal System of Environmental Health Risk Assessment in the United States

作　　者：孙佑海[1,2] 朱炳成 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088 [2]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《吉首大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第1期15-25,共11页Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目(17FXA004)

摘　　要：环境健康风险评估制度的有效实施是降低环境健康风险的有效措施之一,为人体健康提供有效保障。美国经过数十年的探索和管理,构建了较为完善的风险评估制度,并使得该制度成为美国环境立法和制定决策的重要考量因素之一。美国环境健康风险评估包括危害识别、剂量反应评估、暴露评估和风险特征描述四个步骤。同时,通过风险评估、风险管理和风险沟通三者的有效衔接,实现风险评估制度的有效性。伴随我国经济发展的同时,环境污染和生态破坏频发发生,导致的环境健康问题日益严重。而保障人体健康作为我国环境法制目标之一,尚未得到有效重视,缺少法律保障基础。基于我国环境健康规制现状和存在的问题,可借鉴美国风险评估制度经验,从贯彻风险预防原则、完善环境标准制度、健全风险评估制度、完善企业环境健康管理体制和推进多元化公众参与模式等方面建立和完善我国环境健康风险评估法律制度。Effective implementation of environmental health risk assessment system is one of the effective measures to reduce environmental health risks and provide effective protection for human health.After decades of exploration and management,the United States has established a relatively complete risk assessment system and has made the system one of the important considerations for environmental legislation and decision-making.The US risk assessment includes four steps：hazard identification,dose response assessment,exposure assessment and risk characterization.At the same time,through the effective connection of risk assessment,risk management and risk communication,the effectiveness of risk assessment system is realized.Along with the economic development in our country,environmental pollution and ecological damage have taken place frequently,resulting in a worsening environmental health problem.As one of the goals of our country＇s environmental legal system,safeguarding human health has not yet been given effective attention and lacks the basis for legal protection.Based on the status quo and existing problems of environmental health regulation in our country,we can draw lessons from the experience of risk assessment system in the United States.By implementing risk prevention principles and perfecting environmental standards system,risk assessment system,enterprise environment health management system and promoting diversified public participation mode,we can establishing and perfect China＇s Environmental Health Risk Assessment Legal System.

关 键 词：环境健康 人体健康 风险评估制度 法律制度 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]